Memory and Cognition Psychology Terms

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Across
  1. 7. _____________. Used in deductive reasoning and is the word that follows “if”. For example this concept would be “this is a unicorn” if place in the sentence, “if this is a unicorn, then it has a horn on its head”.
  2. 8. ___________ memory. Memory from facts and organized knowledge about the world. For example, states, types of cars.
  3. 10. Spreading ______________. When one thinks about a specific concept. Makes one think about other related concepts even though the actual word one is thinking of was not said.
  4. 12. _____________ memory. Remembering that you need to do something in the future. “Remembering to remember”. Example.) Remembering to take your meds.
  5. 14. ___________. A type of schema that provides a prototypical sequence of events happening. Example.) Going into a restaurant one has a specific idea of how experience will work. Walk in, order food, get food, pay for check, etc.
  6. 15. _____________. A type of organization strategy to help improve memory. When one groups items together to remember smaller units. For example to remember each letter one could remember PBS, FOX, and BBC, instead of remembering each individual letter in PBSFOXBBC.
  7. 16. _________ memories. Memories people believe are much more vivid to them compared to others due to a very emotional experience even though this type of memory decays at the same rate as a normal memory. An example is memories of 9/11.
  8. 17. __________ analysis. A theory in which one recognizes an object based on its 2D components by all of the objects features and aspects, combining them to create a physical object.
  9. 18. ______________ effect. Even though a specific letter combination (like sh) sound the same, the mouth changes to different shapes depending on the full word. Example.) Shoe vs. sheep
  10. 21. ____________ problem. An idea that spoken words are not separated by spaces like they are in print. The actual silence is in the word space.
  11. 23. ____________. The ability to be able to detect an object but is not actually aware of that object. So a person with this claims to not see the object, but can accurately describe some characteristics/movements of the object.
  12. 24. _________. Basic unit of meaning. Example.) Dog = 1 basic unit of meaning. Dogs= 2 basic units of meaning.
  13. 25. _____________ memory. Is the visual sensory memory. Has a large capacity, but its duration is only approximately one second, unless this memory is masked and then the memory is even shorter unless it is moved to short term memory.
  14. 27. ____________ psychology. An idea in which the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. We perceive a whole image because of the human tendency to organize our perceptions.
  15. 29. __________ stimulus. Referring to perception,what perceives the physical object in the environment.
Down
  1. 1. _____________ reasoning. General -> specific knowledge. When one takes multiple premises that are said to be true and combines them to draw one specific conclusion.
  2. 2. _____________ heuristic. A type of relative position heuristic in which there are seperate geographic features but we believe that these separate geographic features are more lined up than they really are. Example.) Philadelphia is actually more southern than Rome is in the world even though most people believe Rome is more south than Philadelphia based on each cities location based on their specific country.
  3. 3. _________ attention. When one tries to focus their attention on two different things at the same time. For example, listening to a lecture and scrolling on Facebook at the same time.
  4. 4. ______________ executive. Like an executor of our working memory. Helps focus our attention and helps coordinate our behaviours. It does not store any memory, but instead helps integrate information from all subsystems.
  5. 5. _________. Visible movements of your body which help you to speak and communicate.
  6. 6. ____________ approach. A theory before the time of cognitive psychology but failed to adequately provide certain aspects on behavior (such as language processing) because it was only interested in observable behavior.
  7. 9. ______ set. When one is stuck to thinking in a certain way which restricts them from solving the problem and thinking outside of the box.
  8. 11. ___________. Any restrictions that make it difficult to get from the initial state to the goal state while trying to solve a problem.
  9. 13. __________. A type of binocular cue that when eyes focus on a physical object moving towards one's face, their ocular muscles have to work hard. One even has to cross their eyes if the object gets super close to their face.
  10. 18. ______________ bias. When one obtains information that they know they will like and know that it will affirm their current opinion.
  11. 19. ______________. One’s mental representation of a specific category.
  12. 20. ___________ memory. Memory from events that have personally occurred to you. For example, a description of a birthday party that you went to.
  13. 22. _________________. When some people can do and see everything regularly, but is unable to form mental images Cannot bring an image to one’s mind when they want to.
  14. 26. ___________ ground. When conversing with someone, the language you use is based on the person and what you think they know. Example.) You speak differently to your professor than you would to a 2 year old.
  15. 28. ____________ approach. A problem solving strategy in which a solution to a similar and earlier problem will help solve the new problem.