mesopotamia

2. Ally: independent state that works with other states to achieve a shared military or political goal.
5. a ruler of a kingdom or empire.
8. trading system in which people exchange goods without using money.
12. Babylons: ancient akkadian-speaking people who established one of history’s most influential empires in central-southern mesopotamia.
15. crescent: region in the middle east that was home to some of the world’s earliest human civilizations.
16. semantic people who established the worlds first true empire in mesopotamia.
18. a way of supplying water to an area of land.
19. a massive stepped temple tower that was the religious and architectural centerpiece of ancient mesopotamia.
21. gulf: 615 miles long and is connected to the open ocean via the narrow strait of Hormuz.
22. canal networks: archeologists mapped over 4,000 irrigation canals near the ancient city of eridu alone.
23. the warship of many gods.
25. land with different territories and people under a single rule.
26. a long poem that tells the story of a hero.

1. writing system developed by the sumerians using the wedge-shaped symbols to stand for ideas or things.
3. a pyramid shaped temple in sumer.
4. independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding territory.
6. first known civilization.
7. the primary source for copper used in bronze production.
9. produced the epic of gilgamesh, often considered the oldest surviving work of great literature.
10. a male monarch (leader) of a major territorial(land) area.
11. warship of hundreds of gods.
13. powerful mesopotamian people who built what many historians consider the “world empire”.
14. having more food than needed.
16. mixture of fertile soil and tiny rocks that can make land ideal for farming.
17. wheel: originally used as a potter’s wheel before being adapted for transportation in carts and chariots.
19. al-arab: in southern Iraq, the two rivers merge to form this single waterway, which then empties into the Persian gulf.
20. a writer.
24. code :government- created laws or rules that the people had to follow to keep order.