Mesopotamia and Egypt Review 1

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Across
  1. 1. Semitic dynasty of Palestinian origin (from the Levant) that ruled over Lower Egypt from 1630 to 1523 BC / credited with the invention of the chariot
  2. 4. rulers of ancient Egypt / both heads of state and the religious leaders of their people
  3. 5. a deity who at one time may have been a local ruler in the Nile River's delta / originally associated with the city of Busiris in the Delta and is an example of a regional god who gained countrywide acceptance / lord of the underworld / represented as a mummified king
  4. 8. world's first writing system / used wedge-shaped characters that were impressed on clay tablets
  5. 11. where the Nile River originates / shared by Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania in East Africa
  6. 12. ancient kingdom in Nubia (in what is now northern Sudan and southern Egypt) / developed many cultural affinities with Egypt, which it conquered and ruled over from 760-656 BC
  7. 13. time of increasing stability when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified / saw the development of canals and other irrigation systems that helped better manage the flow of the Nile - this led to increased agricultural productivity and economic stability
  8. 15. one of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent / its flooding left the southern plains of what is now Iraq with the richest soil in the Near East
  9. 17. wetland that formed in Lower Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea
  10. 18. mare nostrum or "our sea" to the Romans and the Green Lake to the Egyptians / the Nile empties into this body of water
  11. 20. founded by Hammurabi, who conquered the Sumerian and Akkadian city-states and brought them together under one government
  12. 22. earliest known civilization located in southern Mesopotamia / divided into many independent city-states
  13. 23. modern country situated in what was known as ancient Mesopotamia (the land between two rivers)
  14. 24. river that flooded annually and left behind a layer of silt that enriched the soil and made it ideal for growing crops
Down
  1. 1. pictographic writing system used in ancient Egypt
  2. 2. one of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent / its flooding left the southern plains of what is now Iraq with the richest soil in the Near East
  3. 3. large waterfalls and rocky outcrops along the Nile
  4. 6. king of the gods and believed to have ruled as the first pharaoh / also the god of the sun - often depicted in human form with the head of a hawk
  5. 7. region along the Nile south of the First Cataract / home to several empires, most prominently the Kingdom of Kush, which conquered Egypt in the 8th century BC
  6. 9. regarded as the first empire in history - founded by Sargon, who conquered the Sumerian city-states / also refers to the common language that emerged in Mesopotamia (used for written communication btw. people who spoke different languages)
  7. 10. also known as the Pyramid Age / time of political stability and economic prosperity, with a strong centralized government (whole country under the rule of the pharaoh)
  8. 14. another name for the Neo-Babylonian Empire / established after the fall of the Assyrian Empire in 612 BC / its greatest king Nebuchadnezzar II conquered Judah and Jerusalem - destroying the Temple of Solomon and forcibly relocating a large number of Judeans to Babylonia (period in Jewish history known as the Babylonian exile)
  9. 16. constructed as burial places for Egyptian royalty during the Old Kingdom
  10. 19. also known as Menes / first king of a unified Egypt - he wore the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt
  11. 21. strongest military power that ruled over the largest empire yet assembled / its war machine made use of armored archers, catapults, and battering rams / adopted iron for armor and weapons / its capital Nineveh was located in northern Iraq / conquered Egypt in 671 BC