Methodology and Research Schools in Geography

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Across
  1. 6. The collection of raw data outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting; traditionally considered a rite of passage in geography
  2. 8. A computer system used for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface(abbr.)
  3. 9. The process of assigning numbers or labels to observations, a fundamental step in quantitative research
  4. 11. Often contrasted with "place," this concept refers to an abstract, geometric container where phenomena occur
  5. 13. A set of interrelated components functioning as a complex whole (e.g., an ecosystem or an urban transport network)
  6. 15. A proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation
  7. 16. The philosophical system heavily influencing the Quantitative Revolution, recognizing only scientifically verifiable or logical proof
  8. 18. The _______ Revolution: A major disciplinary shift in the 1950s and 60s towards statistical methods and mathematical modeling
  9. 19. Cultural _______: The visible imprint of human activity on the natural environment, a concept popularized by Carl Sauer
  10. 20. A simplified or idealized representation of reality used to simulate processes or predict spatial outcomes
  11. 21. A logical process of reasoning that moves from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories
  12. 22. An area defined by one or more distinctive characteristics, serving as a central object of study in traditional geography
Down
  1. 1. A traditional geographic perspective defining the discipline as the study of areal differentiation and relationships between regions
  2. 2. Research methods focusing on in-depth understanding rather than measurements, often using texts, images, and observations
  3. 3. A philosophical method used in humanistic geography to explore how individuals experience the world directly and subjectively
  4. 4. The art and science of graphically representing a geographical area, traditionally the primary tool of the geographer
  5. 5. A logical process of reasoning that starts with a general theory and moves to specific hypotheses to be tested
  6. 7. A school of thought emphasizing human agency, creativity, and subjective experience over statistical aggregates
  7. 10. Environmental _______: The theory stating that the physical environment strictly controls human culture and development
  8. 12. The theory suggesting that while the environment sets limits, humans have the power to choose between different courses of action
  9. 14. Participant _______: A methodology where the researcher immerses themselves in a community to collect data through watching and listening
  10. 17. A specific location imbued with human meaning, memory, and emotional attachment