MHL394 Midterm Review

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Across
  1. 1. Ballet _____, term since the 1950s for dance groups that merge theatrical elements of classical ballet with Mexican folk dances
  2. 3. The system of harmony based on the major and minor scales, in which harmonies move away from and then return to the tonic
  3. 5. Mexican singer and actor whose films popularized ranchera music and who became an icon of the urban working class
  4. 7. The last stanza of a corrido or other folk song, in which the singer says farewell to its audience and closes the narration
  5. 8. An acculturated popular music of the Tohono O'odham and Akimel O'odham of Southern Arizona, featuring elements of conjunto, American music and native musics
  6. 12. A generic term for Mexican folk music, typically danced, with regional variations
  7. 15. The period (1876-1911) during which Mexico was ruled by Porfirio Díaz
  8. 19. the glorification of indigenous traditions and heritage; it constitutes a primary element of Mexican Revolutionary Nationalism
  9. 20. Los_____, Conjunto norteño known in the 1960s for their rich two-part vocal harmonies
  10. 21. A social construct distinguishing one group of humans from another on the basis of shared cultural heritage, ancestry, language, history, and or culture; it has largely replaced the now outdated concept of race
  11. 24. Grammy-award winning pop and country singer whose 1987 album Canciones de mi padre was influential in spurring interest in mariachi music and highlighted mariachi as a symbol of Mexican American identity
  12. 28. _____ music, a term describing musics that are disseminated through media such as radio, records, TV, film or electronic files, subject to an aesthetic of innovation and mass appeal, and associated with the urban middle and lower classes
  13. 29. A Mexican cowboy, particularly from Western Mexico; their typical suit is worn by mariachi ensembles
  14. 32. Mexican American labor leader and civil rights activist who became an icon for the Chicano Movement
  15. 37. Guitar-like instrument with twelve strings, that provides accompaniment to the accordion in conjunto music
  16. 38. Bajo sexto player; as accompanist to Narciso Martínez, defined conjunto tejano style
  17. 39. A rapid movement of the dancer’s feet against a raised wooden platform, producing a percussive accompaniment to the music; an important feature of Mexican folk dance
  18. 42. Accordionist and composer, considered the father of Texas Mexican music, also known as “El huracán del valle”
  19. 43. Mexican-born vihuelist and mariachi director who was a leading promoter of mariachi music in the United States; his Mariachi Los Camperos earned widespread recognition
  20. 46. A dance in duple meter of central European origin; one of the primary genres played by conjuntos
  21. 47. (1910-1926) The period during which Porfirio Díaz was overthrown and multiple leaders, many of them from the Northern states, vied for power in Mexico
  22. 48. _____ Records, one of the first Mexican American-owned record labels, influential in recording, disseminating, and popularizing conjunto tejano
  23. 49. Canción _____, term referring to Mexican folk and folk-derived songs with simple chordal accompaniment and an operatic vocal style; it is a main element of both mariachi and conjunto repertoire
  24. 52. A person of mixed Spanish and Indian heritage; by the early twentieth century they constituted the majority of the Mexican population
  25. 55. Percussion instrument consisting of a double-headed bass drum with cymbals; a vital component of banda music
  26. 56. A portable free-reed instrument with buttons or keys on either side of a bellows; it is one of the two main instruments in conjunto music
  27. 57. Term usually referring specifically to a Sinaloa ensemble consisting of brass, woodwinds, percussions and tambora, influential in música norteña
  28. 58. The arrangement of time durations in music
  29. 59. A small five-string instrument with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi ensembles
  30. 60. A lyrical epic and narrative song form, stemming from the literary tradition of the Spanish romance, that rose to popularity with the Revolution of 1910 as a means for sharing current events
Down
  1. 2. Mexican singer whose dark voice and dramatic, expressive style made her the most influential female singer of ranchera
  2. 4. Seven-time president of Mexico who pursued the modernization of Mexico through foreign investment
  3. 6. Most popular and influential banda group, founded in 1937 by Cruz Lizarraga but still active today
  4. 9. Known as “El Charro Cantor,” Mexican opera singer who defined ranchera singing style
  5. 10. The way that music is disseminated from person to person
  6. 11. A meaningful or memorable succession of pitches
  7. 13. Extremely influential accordionist who added vocals to the traditional conjunto tejano, retuned the accordion, and represents the transition to a modern conjunto style
  8. 14. Los _____, Conjunto norteño who helped define modern norteño instrumental style and used corrido form to deal with social issues
  9. 16. _____ nationalism, the continual process of constructing a national identity
  10. 17. _____ nationalism, the idea that a group of people identify with and have an allegiance to the territorial nation and the state that governs it
  11. 18. _____ de Tecalitlán, Most iconic mariachi ensemble, founded in 1898 by Gaspar Vargas and still active today
  12. 22. Supergroup including accordionist Flaco Jimenez and guitarist Freddy Fender, and singer Doug Sahm, which mixed conjunto tejano with R&B and country
  13. 23. The way in which the melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic elements of music are woven together
  14. 25. One of the first female singers to front a conjunto tejano, known as “La Reina de la Onda Chicana” in the 1970s and 80s
  15. 26. The first and most important note of a scale, often indicated by the Roman numeral I
  16. 27. Mexican singer and actress, known in the 1940s as the mother of ranchera
  17. 30. A large six-string bass guitar with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi and other Mexican folk musics
  18. 31. Mexican singer who became the most prolific and influential composer of canción ranchera
  19. 32. Led by brothers Paulino and Eloy, one of the most influential groups in conjunto tejano, known for their rich three-part vocal harmonies
  20. 33. An ensemble common on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border, centered around the accordion and bajo sexto
  21. 34. Treaty of _____, it ended the U.S.-Mexican War, forcing Mexico to cede one third of its territory
  22. 35. A term referring to Mexican Americans; although it previously had negative connotations, it was reclaimed during the 1960s civil rights movement as a symbol of pride in Mexican American heritage
  23. 36. Singer, guitarist and songwriter who in the 1930s was known as the “Queen of Tejano Music”
  24. 38. Antonio López de _____, general and President of Mexico who lost or sold over half of Mexico’s territory between 1836 and 1853
  25. 40. Mexican American singer, songwriter and bandleader who composed several standards of the ranchera repertoire and contributed corridos to the Chicano Movement, earning him the title of “Father of Chicano Music”
  26. 41. the idea, most often applied to the experiences of migrants, that such experience transcends the nation-state
  27. 44. _____nationalism, a nationalism based on nature and landscape; U.S. nationalism is an example
  28. 45. _____Nationalism, an ideology applied to much Mexican art after the Revolution, including the tenets that art should have a social function, and the glorification of indigenous heritage
  29. 50. The simultaneous sounding of two or more pitches
  30. 51. Enormously popular Mexican American singer whose crossover appeal brought attention to tejano music, even before her tragic death in 1995 at the age of 23.
  31. 53. Musical tradition originating in Western Mexico, especially the state of Jalisco, with an ensemble typically consisting of trumpet, violin, vihuela, guitar, guitarrón and sometimes harp
  32. 54. _____ music, a term describing musics that are traditional, primarily disseminated through oral transmission, and usually associated with a specific rural setting or ethnic group