Middle Ages

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Across
  1. 2. The group that made it to the Americas WAY before Christopher Columbus
  2. 4. Shared land in a manor, typically where sheep roamed
  3. 8. Where people on a manor would go to worship, everyone went at the same time
  4. 9. A disease that killed millions in Europe during the Middle Ages
  5. 10. A crop typically planted in a manor's field (a spring crop)
  6. 17. The civilization that fell in 476 BC -- this marked the start of the Middle Ages
  7. 18. Wars fought over control of the Holy Land
  8. 21. The person who ruled a kingdom, they are positioned at the top of the feudal social structure
  9. 22. Believing in one god (like the Catholic Church did)
  10. 24. The number of fields used in rotation on a manor
  11. 27. A teenage French peasant who led French forces during the Hundred Years' War, she was later made a saint
  12. 30. The time period in Europe following the Middle Ages, beginning around 1500 AD
  13. 31. A ditch, often filled with water, surrounding a manor house (castle)
  14. 32. Land granted to a vassal
  15. 36. Respected artisan who forged iron and steel into essential items
  16. 37. A code of behavior for knights
Down
  1. 1. A noble who receives land in exchange for service
  2. 3. A style of cathedral made popular in the Middle Ages
  3. 5. A long, narrow boat used by Vikings
  4. 6. The name of the significant printing press invented in 1440 that allowed for the mass production of books
  5. 7. The region where Vikings were originally from
  6. 11. Association of merchants or craftsmen in the Middle Ages
  7. 12. A building on a manor where items and crops were stored
  8. 13. Believing in multiple gods (like the Vikings did)
  9. 14. A laborer who was not free, they were legally tied to the land, exchanged their freedom for protection
  10. 15. A promise of loyalty made by a vassal(typically a knight)
  11. 16. A political system where land was exchanged for loyalty and service
  12. 19. A large estate owned by a lord
  13. 20. A tax collected by the Church (usually about 10% of one's income)
  14. 22. A building in a manor where grain was ground down, typically near a water source like a river
  15. 23. A poor farmer, typically a tenant who rented land but could move around
  16. 25. A peaceful religious figure, often withdrew from society to live a life dedicated to prayer
  17. 26. Places often raided by the Vikings, inhabited by religious figures like monks
  18. 28. Time period from roughly 500 to 1500 AD
  19. 29. An economic system in which an area controlled by a lord was self-sufficient and everyone had a job to keep things running
  20. 33. A warrior who fought on horseback for a lord
  21. 34. A term for when a field is left to rest for a year
  22. 35. A crop typically planted in a manor's field (a winter crop), an important grain