Middle Ages Vocabulary Crossword Puzzle

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Across
  1. 4. of arms - A symbol found on knights' shields, banners, and armor. It was useful in distinguishing one knight from another.
  2. 6. - During his reign as King of the Franks and the first Holy Roman Emperor, Charlemagne united much of Western Europe.
  3. 7. Rus - In the city of Kiev, Vikings established an empire. It was Russia's forerunner.
  4. 9. System - A form of government in which the king distributed land to his lords and barons. The lords and barons would then swear allegiance to the king and promise to defend his rule.
  5. 10. - In the feudal system, the baron ruled over an area of land known as a fief. In exchange for the land, he would pledge his loyalty to the king.
  6. 12. - A group of artisans who specialize in a particular trade or craft, such as shoemaking or weaving cloth.
  7. 13. - The bishop was a church leader who was frequently the top church leader in a kingdom.
  8. 14. - A religious area or group of buildings where monks lived. Monasteries were isolated from the rest of the world so the monks could focus on worshiping God. Also called an Abby.
  9. 15. - A defensive fortress where a lord or king would reside. If they were attacked, the locals would flee to the castle.
  10. 16. Death - During the Middle Ages, a deadly disease spread across much of Europe. It is estimated that it killed at least one-third of all Europeans.
  11. 19. - The monarchy's supreme ruler.
  12. 20. - The squire would look after the armor and weapons of a knight in training. He would also fight alongside the knight.
  13. 21. - A young boy who works as a servant for a knight while studying to become one someday.
  14. 22. - A piece of land granted to a lord or baron by a king to govern.
  15. 25. - The manor was the local lord's house or castle, and it was the center of life during the Middle Ages.
  16. 26. - Germanic tribes who settled in what is now France.
  17. 27. - A large tower within a castle that served as the final line of defense.
Down
  1. 1. - Someone who swears allegiance to a lord.
  2. 2. - A master, the highest rank in a guild, could own a shop and hire journeymen and apprentices.
  3. 3. - A young man who worked for a guild master to learn a trade or craft.
  4. 5. - The code by which knights pledged to live their lives. It required honor, bravery, and the protection of the weak.
  5. 8. - The wars in which Christian nations reclaimed control of the Iberian Peninsula from the - Muslim Moors (Spain and Portugal).
  6. 11. Carta - A document imposed by King John of England's barons. It stated that the king was not above the law and that the people were entitled to a fair trial.
  7. 13. Empire - The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which was one of Europe's most powerful empires during the Middle Ages. Constantinople was the capital city.
  8. 14. - A water-filled ditch surrounding a castle.
  9. 17. - A horse-riding warrior clad in heavy metal armor. Knights were rewarded with land and were expected to defend the king when necessary.
  10. 18. - A journeyman was a guild position above the apprentice who worked for a master craftsman and was paid.
  11. 20. - A peasant who worked for the local lord on the land. The serf had few rights and was essentially a slave.
  12. 23. - Scandinavians are people from Northern Europe. During the Viking Age, the Vikings raided many countries in Northern Europe (800 to 1066).
  13. 24. - Religious conflicts between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land, particularly Jerusalem.