Middle Ages

4. "Father of Europe"
5. peasants that worked on the lord's land
6. an attempt to stop the Plague by getting the "bad blood" out
8. took control of Italy in 5th century
11. could be fired more rapidly than the crossbow
12. three different men claim to be Pope
15. one of the causes of the Fall of Rome
16. bump on neck, a symptom of the Black Death
19. self-inflicted "penance" for sins
20. a system in which nobility held land for the crown in exchange for military service while serfs worked on the land

1. personal assistant to a knight
2. father of Charlemagne
3. occupy Spain and Italy at the beginning of the Middle Ages
7. head of the Catholic Church
9. set of ideas (loyalty, bravery, courage)
10. culprits of the Black Death
13. charter written in 1215 to limit the powers of the king
14. a holy war involving the journey of Europeans to reclaim the holy land of Jerusalem in the name of Christianity
17. divine intervention would save the innocent
18. an agricultural estate operated by the lord