Midterm Exam Keywords

Across

2. a representation or simplified description of a concept, object, or system used to explain or predict its behavior
5. a reaction where a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound
9. a mixture of indicators that shows the ph of a solution through a range of colors
12. a substance made of only one type of atom (e.g., gold, oxygen)
15. the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties
18. a substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction
19. a summary of the results of an experiment, indicating whether the initial hypothesis or prediction was supported by the findings
26. a substance that dissolves in a particular solvent
27. a statement made about the expected outcome of an experiment, based on prior knowledge, observations, or hypotheses
31. the property of a material that allows it to be shaped or deformed without breaking
35. data or observations collected during an experiment that are used to support or refute a hypothesis or conclusion
36. a reaction where an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt
37. the process of energy transfer that occurs when a force is applied to an object, causing it to move; calculated as the product of force and displacement
38. an insoluble solid formed during a chemical reaction in a solution
40. the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of data
42. the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
43. a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded
44. a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal with another element to improve its properties
46. a compound formed during the neutralization of an acid by a base
49. the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
51. a starting substance in a chemical reaction that undergoes change
52. a substance with a ph of 7, neither acidic nor alkaline
54. a homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent
56. the removal of oxygen from a substance during a chemical reaction
57. a substance that does not dissolve in a particular solvent
58. the variable that is intentionally changed or manipulated in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable
59. the physical form of a substance, such as solid, liquid, or gas
61. the transfer of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler one, resulting in a change in temperature
62. standardized symbols used to indicate the specific risks associated with handling chemicals (e.g., corrosive, toxic, flammable)
63. a representation of a compound using chemical symbols and numerical subscripts (e.g., h₂o for water)
64. the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
65. the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid

Down

1. the process where a liquid changes to a gas at its boiling point
3. the process where a liquid changes to a solid at its freezing point
4. relating to or resulting from motion; kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its movement
6. a property observed when a substance undergoes a chemical change (e.g., reactivity or flammability)
7. a space devoid of matter, including air or other gases
8. an indicator that turns red in acidic conditions and blue in alkaline conditions
10. the likelihood of harm occurring from a hazard
11. a substance made of two or more elements chemically bonded together
13. a way of representing a chemical reaction using the names of the reactants and products (e.g., hydrogen + oxygen → water)
14. the process by which energy spreads out and becomes less concentrated, often resulting in energy being lost to the surroundings, typically as heat
16. a variable that is kept constant during an experiment to ensure that any changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable
17. a chemical reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water
20. a one- or two-letter representation of an element (e.g., h for hydrogen, o for oxygen)
21. energy that is not usefully transferred or transformed and is instead lost to the surroundings, often as heat or sound
22. a property of a substance that can cause damage to living tissue or materials through chemical action
23. a substance made of only one type of particle, either an element or a compound
24. results that deviate significantly from the expected trend or pattern, often indicating experimental error or unusual conditions
25. a potential source of harm or danger
28. a scale from 0 to 14 that measures how acidic or alkaline a substance is
29. the addition of oxygen to a substance during a chemical reaction
30. any factor in an experiment that can be changed, measured, or controlled
32. a chemical that changes color to show whether a substance is acidic, neutral, or alkaline
33. a chart that organizes elements by increasing atomic number and groups with similar chemical properties
34. the process where a gas changes to a liquid
39. results or data that are consistent and reproducible under the same conditions
41. the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur
45. a substance with a ph less than 7 that donates hydrogen ions (h⁺) in solution
47. the variable that is measured or observed in an experiment to assess the effect of changes made to the independent variable
48. a base that dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ions (oh⁻) and has a ph greater than 7
50. a representation of how particles are arranged and behave in solids, liquids, and gases
53. a solution of calcium hydroxide, used to test for carbon dioxide by turning milky when the gas is present
55. the process where a solid changes to a liquid at its melting point
60. how easily a substance catches fire