Midterm Review

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657
Across
  1. 2. A meaningful or memorable succession of pitches
  2. 4. The way in which the melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic elements of music are woven together
  3. 6. A social construct distinguishing one group of humans from another on the basis of shared cultural heritage, ancestry, language, history, and or culture; it has largely replaced the now outdated concept of race
  4. 7. A person of mixed Spanish and Indian heritage; by the early twentieth century they constituted the majority of the Mexican population
  5. 8. Seven-time president of Mexico who pursued the modernization of Mexico through foreign investment
  6. 9. The simultaneous sounding of two or more pitches
  7. 12. A portable free-reed instrument with buttons or keys on either side of a bellows; it is one of the two main instruments in conjunto music
  8. 13. Mexican singer and actress, known in the 1940s as the mother of ranchera
  9. 17. _____ music, a term describing musics that are traditional, primarily disseminated through oral transmission, and usually associated with a specific rural setting or ethnic group
  10. 21. Musical tradition originating in Western Mexico, especially the state of Jalisco, with an ensemble typically consisting of trumpet, violin, vihuela, guitar, guitarrón and sometimes harp
  11. 23. Canción _____, term referring to Mexican folk and folk-derived songs with simple chordal accompaniment and an operatic vocal style; it is a main element of both mariachi and conjunto repertoire
  12. 24. The period (1876-1911) during which Mexico was ruled by Porfirio Díaz
  13. 26. the idea, most often applied to the experiences of migrants, that such experience transcends the nation-state
  14. 27. Grammy-award winning pop and country singer whose 1987 album Canciones de mi padre was influential in spurring interest in mariachi music and highlighted mariachi as a symbol of Mexican American identity
  15. 28. Los_____, Conjunto norteño known in the 1960s for their rich two-part vocal harmonies
  16. 32. (1910-1926) The period during which Porfirio Díaz was overthrown and multiple leaders, many of them from the Northern states, vied for power in Mexico
  17. 33. A term referring to Mexican Americans; although it previously had negative connotations, it was reclaimed during the 1960s civil rights movement as a symbol of pride in Mexican American heritage
  18. 35. Los _____, Conjunto norteño who helped define modern norteño instrumental style and used corrido form to deal with social issues
  19. 38. Singer, guitarist and songwriter who in the 1930s was known as the “Queen of Tejano Music”
  20. 42. Mexican singer and actor whose films popularized ranchera music and who became an icon of the urban working class
  21. 45. A rapid movement of the dancer’s feet against a raised wooden platform, producing a percussive accompaniment to the music; an important feature of Mexican folk dance
  22. 46. the glorification of indigenous traditions and heritage; it constitutes a primary element of Mexican Revolutionary Nationalism
  23. 48. Mexican American labor leader and civil rights activist who became an icon for the Chicano Movement
  24. 49. One of the first female singers to front a conjunto tejano, known as “La Reina de la Onda Chicana” in the 1970s and 80s
  25. 51. Mexican singer whose dark voice and dramatic, expressive style made her the most influential female singer of ranchera
  26. 53. Extremely influential accordionist who added vocals to the traditional conjunto tejano, retuned the accordion, and represents the transition to a modern conjunto style
  27. 54. _____ music, a term describing musics that are disseminated through media such as radio, records, TV, film or electronic files, subject to an aesthetic of innovation and mass appeal, and associated with the urban middle and lower classes
  28. 55. The first and most important note of a scale, often indicated by the Roman numeral I
  29. 56. Seven-time president of Mexico who pursued the modernization of Mexico through foreign investment
  30. 57. A lyrical epic and narrative song form, stemming from the literary tradition of the Spanish romance, that rose to popularity with the Revolution of 1910 as a means for sharing current events
Down
  1. 1. The last stanza of a corrido or other folk song, in which the singer says farewell to its audience and closes the narration
  2. 3. Antonio López de _____, general and President of Mexico who lost or sold over half of Mexico’s territory between 1836 and 1853
  3. 5. A Mexican cowboy, particularly from Western Mexico; their typical suit is worn by mariachi ensembles
  4. 7. _____ de Tecalitlán, Most iconic mariachi ensemble, founded in 1898 by Gaspar Vargas and still active today
  5. 8. _____ nationalism, the idea that a group of people identify with and have an allegiance to the territorial nation and the state that governs it
  6. 10. Mexican-born vihuelist and mariachi director who was a leading promoter of mariachi music in the United States; his Mariachi Los Camperos earned widespread recognition
  7. 11. Bajo sexto player; as accompanist to Narciso Martínez, defined conjunto tejano style
  8. 14. _____Nationalism, an ideology applied to much Mexican art after the Revolution, including the tenets that art should have a social function, and the glorification of indigenous heritage
  9. 15. Mexican singer who became the most prolific and influential composer of canción ranchera
  10. 16. A large six-string bass guitar with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi and other Mexican folk musics
  11. 18. A dance in duple meter of central European origin; one of the primary genres played by conjuntos
  12. 19. Mexican American singer, songwriter and bandleader who composed several standards of the ranchera repertoire and contributed corridos to the Chicano Movement, earning him the title of “Father of Chicano Music”
  13. 20. Accordionist and composer, considered the father of Texas Mexican music, also known as “El huracán del valle”
  14. 22. The arrangement of time durations in music
  15. 25. Ballet _____, term since the 1950s for dance groups that merge theatrical elements of classical ballet with Mexican folk dances
  16. 29. A small five-string instrument with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi ensembles
  17. 30. Led by brothers Paulino and Eloy, one of the most influential groups in conjunto tejano, known for their rich three-part vocal harmonies
  18. 31. Treaty of _____, it ended the U.S.-Mexican War, forcing Mexico to cede one third of its territory
  19. 34. Known as “El Charro Cantor,” Mexican opera singer who defined ranchera singing style
  20. 35. Supergroup including accordionist Flaco Jimenez and guitarist Freddy Fender, which mixed conjunto tejano with R&B and country
  21. 36. _____nationalism, a nationalism based on nature and landscape; U.S. nationalism is an example
  22. 37. A generic term for Mexican folk music, typically danced, with regional variations
  23. 39. The way that music is disseminated from person to person
  24. 40. _____ Records, one of the first Mexican American-owned record labels, influential in recording, disseminating, and popularizing conjunto tejano
  25. 41. Most popular and influential banda group, founded in 1937 by Cruz Lizarraga but still active today
  26. 43. Term usually referring specifically to a Sinaloa ensemble consisting of brass, woodwinds, percussions and tambora, influential in música norteña
  27. 44. _____ nationalism, the continual process of constructing a national identity
  28. 47. Guitar-like instrument with twelve strings, that provides accompaniment to the accordion in conjunto music
  29. 48. An ensemble common on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border, centered around the accordion and bajo sexto
  30. 50. The system of harmony based on the major and minor scales, in which harmonies move away from and then return to the tonic
  31. 52. Percussion instrument consisting of a double-headed bass drum with cymbals; a vital component of banda music