mitosis/meiosis and cancer vocabulary

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Across
  1. 1. cells that result from the division of a single parent cell
  2. 4. phase when the chromosomes have finished moving to opposite ends of the cell
  3. 5. the second meiotic division, and usually involves equational segregation, or separation of sister chromatids
  4. 7. a vital stage during which the cellular components are replicated in preparation for cell division
  5. 10. separates the pair of homologous chromosomes and reduces the diploid cell to haploid
  6. 13. variation of genes
  7. 14. have the same genes in the same order, but there may be variation between them, resulting in different alleles
  8. 19. a cell that is the source of other cells
  9. 21. the phase that follows after meiosis I, or after interkinesis if present
  10. 23. a group of proteins that control the progression of the cell cycle by activating particular enzymes—cyclin dependent kinases
  11. 25. body cells
  12. 29. a protein lattice that resembles railroad tracks and connects paired homologous chromosomes in most meiotic systems
  13. 32. abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues
  14. 33. one pair of chromosomes (homologous chromosomes) in a tetrad
  15. 37. a fertilized egg
  16. 41. male gametes
  17. 42. the union of two gametes
  18. 43. a family of protease enzymes playing essential roles in programmed cell death
  19. 45. deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual
  20. 49. divides each haploid meiotic cell into two different daughter cells
  21. 51. occurs primarily in prokaryotes
  22. 52. cells pinch in the center and divide again. The final outcome is four cells, each with half of the genetic material found in the original
  23. 53. cancerous, invading
  24. 54. tumor suppressors
  25. 55. female gametes
  26. 57. the general appearance of the complete set of chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes
  27. 59. a network of filaments that are formed during the cell division process
  28. 61. site of eukaryotic chromosomes where sister chromatids appear most tightly paired
  29. 62. n, one set of chromosomes
  30. 63. a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes
Down
  1. 2. when sister chromatids of every chromosome separate and begin to move towards the opposite ends of the cell
  2. 3. two parents
  3. 6. a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides
  4. 8. protein structures located at the ends of each eukaryotic DNA chromosomal arm
  5. 9. a disk formed in the phragmoplast of a dividing plant cell that eventually forms the middle lamella of the wall between the daughter cells
  6. 11. a mutant gene that encodes a protein that inappropriately growth and division or promotes programmed cell death
  7. 12. The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells. There are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.
  8. 15. the exchange of genetic material or chromosome segments between non-sister chromatids in meiosis
  9. 16. the process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells
  10. 17. the chromosomes arrive at the cell poles, the mitotic spindle disassembles, and the vesicles that contain fragments of the original nuclear membrane assemble around the two sets of chromosomes. Phosphatases then dephosphorylate the lamins at each end of the cell
  11. 18. cell division in which each daughter cell receives half the amount of DNA as the parent cell
  12. 20. 2n, two sets of chromosomes
  13. 22. the enzyme responsible for maintenance of the length of telomeres by addition of guanine-rich repetitive sequences
  14. 24. the mitotic spindle is fully developed, centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell, and chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate
  15. 26. the process by which one cell physically divides into two cells
  16. 27. a period of rest that cells of some species enter during meiosis, between meiosis I and meiosis II
  17. 28. the homologous pairs of chromosomes align on either side of the equatorial plate
  18. 30. paired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope
  19. 31. cell suicide
  20. 34. any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes
  21. 35. the pairing of homologous chromosomes, one from each parent, during early meiosis
  22. 36. group of genes that cause normal cells to become cancerous when they are mutated
  23. 38. consist of two homologous chromosomes, with a total of four sister chromatids held together by a structure named the chiasmata
  24. 39. the first step of meiosis that exchanges DNA and causes crossover between chromosomes within the cell dividing
  25. 40. one parent
  26. 44. an indentation that appears in a cell's surface when the cell is preparing to divide
  27. 46. an imaginary line that runs across the cell, dividing the cell into hemispheres
  28. 47. tumors are considered benign or malignant,non-cancerous
  29. 48. reproductive cells, haploid cells
  30. 50. during anaphase A, the chromosomes move to the poles and kinetochore fiber microtubules shorten; during anaphase B, the spindle poles move apart as interpolar microtubules elongate and slide past one another
  31. 56. phases in the cell cycle that stand for growth 1, synthesis, and growth 2
  32. 58. an abnormal mass of cells in the body
  33. 60. the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite sides of the nucleus, initiating formation of the mitotic spindle