MLT 105 Chapter 1

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Across
  1. 2. A virus that infects and possibly destroys bacterial cells is known as a _____.
  2. 5. horizontal transfer of genetic material by cell-to-cell contact.
  3. 8. A blood agar plate is _____ because it distinguishes between hemolytic and nonhemolytic.
  4. 10. The _____ membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that envelops the cytoplasm and regulates transport of macromolecules into and out of the cell.
  5. 15. Bacteria that grow best at cold temperatures are called _____ (optimal growth at 10° to 20°).
  6. 16. The most important pathway for the complete oxidation of a substrate under aerobic conditions is the _____ cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle.
  7. 18. Bacteria use biochemical pathways to catabolize (break down) carbohydrates and produce energy by two mechanisms — _____ and respiration (commonly referred to as oxidation.
  8. 19. _____ are long projections (>150 µm) used for locomotion by cells.
  9. 21. the synthesis of ssRNA, by the enzyme RNA polymerase, using one strand of the DNA as a template.
  10. 22. Media containing additives that inhibit the growth of some bacteria but allow others to grow are called _____ media.
  11. 24. Most bacteria that have adapted to humans are _____ that grow best near human body temperature (37°C).
Down
  1. 1. The function of a _____ _____ is to provide rigidity and strength to the exterior of the cell.
  2. 2. _____ are unicellular organisms that lack a nuclear membrane and true nucleus.
  3. 3. the actual synthesis of a specific protein from the mRNA code.
  4. 4. a heat-loving cell.
  5. 6. Mycobacteria have a modified cell wall called an _____ cell wall.
  6. 7. Clinical microbiologists traditionally emphasize placement and naming of bacterial species into three categories: the family (similar to a human “clan”), a _____ (equivalent to a human last name), and a species (equivalent to a human first name).
  7. 9. a salt-loving cell.
  8. 11. these bacteria require a reduced level of oxygen to grow.
  9. 12. _______ anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen.
  10. 13. _____ anaerobes cannot grow in the presence of oxygen.
  11. 14. a fluorochrome dye that stains both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, living or dead.
  12. 17. the uptake and incorporation of free or naked DNA into a bacterial cell.
  13. 20. Bacilli with tapered, pointed ends are termed _____.
  14. 23. The _____ stain is the most commonly used stain in the clinical microbiology laboratory. It places bacteria into one of two main groups: gram-positive (blue to purple) or gram-negative (pink).