Module 10 The Nature of Storms

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Across
  1. 10. calm center of a tropical cyclone that develops when the winds around its center reach at least 120 km/h
  2. 11. Classifies tornadoes according to their destruction and estimated wind speed on a scale ranging from EF0 to EF5
  3. 13. occurs when powerful, hurricane-force winds drive a mound of ocean water toward shore, where it washes over the land, often causing enormous damage
  4. 14. measures the windchill factor, by estimating the heat loss from human skin caused by a combination of wind and cold air
  5. 15. a branched channel of partially-charged air that forms between positive and negative regions; generally moves from the center of the cloud toward the ground
  6. 16. a branching channel of positively charged ions that rushes upward from the ground to meet the stepped leader
  7. 17. extended period of above-average temperatures caused by large, high-pressure systems that warm by compression and block cooler air masses
  8. 18. extended period of below-average temperatures caused by large, high-pressure systems of continental polar or arctic origin
  9. 19. a branch channel of positively charged ions that rushes upward from the ground to meet the stepped leader
  10. 20. extremely powerful, self-sustaining thunderstorm characterized by intense, rotating updrafts
Down
  1. 1. type of thunderstorm usually produced by an advancing cold front, which can result in a line of thunderstorms hundreds of kilometers long, or, more rarely, an advancing warm front, which can result in a relatively mild thunderstorm
  2. 2. classifies hurricanes according to wind speed on a scale ranging from Category 1 to Category 5
  3. 3. occurs when an air mass rises from orographic lifting, which involves air moving up the side of a mountain
  4. 4. large volume of air that has the characteristics of the area over which it forms
  5. 5. large, low-pressure, rotating tropical storm that gets its energy from the evaporation of warm ocean water and the release of heat
  6. 6. extended period of well-below-average rainfall, usually caused by shifts in global wind patterns, allowing high-pressure systems to remain for weeks or months over continental areas
  7. 7. local air-mass thunderstorm that commonly occurs along a coastal area because land and water store and release thermal energy differently
  8. 8. band where the strongest winds in a hurricane are usually concentrated, surrounding the eye
  9. 9. violent, whirling column of air in contact with the ground that forms when wind direction and speed suddenly change with height, is often associated with a supercell, and can be extremely damaging
  10. 12. violent downdrafts that are concentrated in a local area