Module 13

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Across
  1. 4. A smaller stream that receives water and sediment from the main channel of a river, branches off downstream and thus distributes the water and sediment into many channels.
  2. 5. A thin, horizontal bed of mud deposited seaward of a delta and then buried by continued delta growth.
  3. 7. The transportation of sand or smaller sediment particles by a current in such a manner that the particles move along in a series of short intermittent jumps.
  4. 8. A large, flat-topped deposit of sediment formed where a river enters an ocean or lake and its current slows.
  5. 10. A flat, steplike surface in a stream valley that parallels a stream above its floodplain often paired on on each side of the stream, marking a former floodplain that existed at a higher level before regional uplift or an increase in discharge caused the stream to erode into the former floodplain.
  6. 12. A major branch of a stream system.
  7. 13. A crescent-shaped, water-filled loop created in the former path of a stream when it bypasses a meander and takes a new, shorter course.
  8. 20. The pattern of connections of all the large and small streams in a drainage basin.
  9. 21. The volume of water that passes a given point in a given time as it flows through a channel of a certain width and depth.
  10. 25. An irregular drainage network that resembles the limbs of a branching tree.
  11. 28. A very small ridge of sand or silt, whose long dimension is at right angles to the current that formed it.
  12. 31. A cone- or fan-shaped accumulation of sediment deposited where a stream widens abruptly as it leaves a mountain front and enters a broad, relatively flat valley.
  13. 33. A stream that existed before the present topography was created and so maintained it original course despite changes in the structure of the underlying rocks and in the topography.
  14. 35. A stream in which the slope, velocity, and discharge combine to transport its sediment load, with neither net sedimentation nor net erosion in the stream or its floodplain.
  15. 37. The elevation at which a stream ends by entering a large standing body of water.
  16. 38. The ability of a current to carry material of a given size.
  17. 39. A ridge of high ground along which all rainfall runs off down one side or the other.
  18. 40. The speed at which particles of various weights suspended in a current settle to the bed.
  19. 41. Any body of water, large or small, that flows over the land surface.
Down
  1. 1. The total sediment load carried by a current.
  2. 2. A stream that erodes a gorge in a resistant formation because its course was established at a higher level on uniform rock before downcutting began.
  3. 3. A flat area about level with the top of a channel that lies on either side of the channel; the part of a valley that is flooded when a stream overflows it banks.
  4. 6. An area of land, bounded by divides, that funnels all its water into the network of streams draining the area.
  5. 9. A curved sandbar deposited along the inside bank of a stream, where the current is weakest.
  6. 11. A curve or bend in a stream that develops as the stream erodes the outer bank of a bend and deposits sediment against the inner bank.
  7. 14. The material a stream carries along its bed by sliding and rolling.
  8. 15. Fluid movement in which streamlines mix, cross, and form swirls and eddies.
  9. 16. An elongate mound or ridge of sand formed by a current of wind or water.
  10. 17. A horizontal bed of sediment-typically sand- deposited on top of a delta.
  11. 18. A stream whose channel divides into an interlacing network of channels, which then rejoin in a pattern resembling braids of hair.
  12. 19. The erosive action that occurs when suspended and saltating sediment particles move along the bottom and sides of a stream channel.
  13. 22. A hemispherical hole in the bedrock of a streambed, formed by abrasion by small pebbles and cobbles rotation in a swirling eddy.
  14. 23. All the material temporarily or permanently suspended in a flow or a current.
  15. 24. Inundation that occurs when increased discharge, resulting from a short-term imbalance between inflow and outflow, causes a stream to overflow its banks.
  16. 26. A ridge of coarse material built up by successive floods that confines a stream within its banks between floods, even when water levels are high.
  17. 27. A gently inclined deposit of fine-grained sand and silt, resembling large-scale cross-beds, on the outer front of a delta.
  18. 29. Fluid movement in which straight or gently curved streamlines run parallel to one another without mixing or crossing between layers.
  19. 30. The smooth, concave-upward curve that represents a cross-sectional view of a stream, from notably steep near its head to almost level near its mouth.
  20. 32. The entire area between the tops of the slopes on both sides of a stream.
  21. 34. A stream that discharges water into a larger stream.
  22. 36. A well-defined trough through which the water in a stream flows.