Module 13: Plate Tectonics

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Across
  1. 1. Type of plate boundary where two tectonic plates are moving apart from each other. (page 357)
  2. 7. Wegener found similar _____ of several different types of animals and plants that once lived on or near land had been found on widely separated continents. (page 346)
  3. 8. Hypothesis developed by Wegner that proposed that Earth’s continents had once been joined as a single landmass and then broke apart. (page 345 – two words)
  4. 11. The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of heated material from one place to another. (page 362)
  5. 12. Type of plate boundary where two tectonic plates move toward each other. (page 357)
  6. 15. A device that helps study the depth of the ocean floor by using sound waves to measure distance by measuring the time it takes for sound waves sent from a ship to bounce off the seafloor and return to the ship. (page 349)
  7. 16. Forms from the compaction and decomposition of accumulations of ancient swamp plants that grew in warm, wet regions, but were found in extremely cold environments. (page 347 – two words)
  8. 17. Theory that describes how tectonic plates move and shape Earth’s surface. (page 356 – two words)
  9. 22. The theory that explains how new oceanic crust forms at ocean ridges, slowly moves away from ocean ridges, and is destroyed at deep-sea trenches. (page 355 – two words)
  10. 23. A narrow, elongated depression in the seafloor that can be thousands of kilometers long and many kilometers deep. (page 350 – three words)
  11. 24. Observations of ocean-floor sediments revelated that the _____ of the sediments increases with distance from an ocean ridge. (page 351)
  12. 25. Wegener observed that ____ in the Appalachian Mountains were identical to those in the mountains of Greenland and Europe. (page 346)
Down
  1. 2. Form parallel to a trench when two oceanic plates collide. (page 358 – two words)
  2. 3. The name of the supercontinent that contained all the Earth’s continents as a single landmass. (page 345)
  3. 4. A device that can detect small changes in magnetic fields that was used to study the ocean floor. (page 349)
  4. 5. Earth’s magnetic field is generated by the flow of _____ in the outer core. (page 352 – two words)
  5. 6. Found in Africa, India, Australia, and South America indicating that were once covered by a thick ice cap and then drifted to warmer locations. (page 347 – two words)
  6. 9. Two features that are created when an oceanic and continental plate collide. (page 358 – two words)
  7. 10. A continuous mountain chain on the ocean floor where new ocean rock forms. (page 357 – three words)
  8. 13. Long, narrow depression that forms when continental crust begins to separate. (page 357 – two words)
  9. 14. Occurs when the flow in the outer core changes, and Earth’s magnetic field changes direction. (page 352 – two words)
  10. 18. Type of plate boundary where two plates slide horizontally past each other. (page 360).
  11. 19. Huge pieces of crust and upper mantle that fit together at their edges to cover Earth’s surface. (page 356 – two words)
  12. 20. German meteorologist that first proposed the scientific hypothesis that the continents were moving. (page 344 – two words)
  13. 21. The age of oceanic crust consistently _____ with distance from a ridge. (page 351)
  14. 22. A process where the denser plate descends below a less-dense plate when they collide. (page 357)