Module 2: Cells & Tissues Chapter 6

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Across
  1. 1. Sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length (2)
  2. 5. Region, deep in the periosteal collar, where bone development starts during endochondral ossification (3)
  3. 12. Surgical exposure of a bone to reset a fracture (2)
  4. 15. Thin layer of cartilage covering an epiphysis; reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber (2 words)
  5. 16. Semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement
  6. 18. Channels within the bone matrix that house one of an osteocyte's many cytoplasmic extensions that it uses to communicate and receive nutrients
  7. 21. Production of blood cells, which occurs in the red marrow of the bones
  8. 23. Blood clot that forms at the site of a broken bone (2)
  9. 30. Organ system composed of bones and cartilage that provides for movement, support, and protection (2)
  10. 32. Hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton
  11. 33. Small, round bone embedded in a tendon; protects the tendon from compressive forces (2)
  12. 35. Connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where fat is stored (2)
  13. 37. Cylinder-shaped bone that is longer than it is wide; functions as a lever (2)
  14. 38. process by which bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue (2)
  15. 41. Process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage (2)
  16. 43. Delicate membranous lining of a bone's medullary cavity
  17. 44. Cube-shaped bone that is approximately equal in length, width, and thickness; provides limited motion (2)
  18. 47. Uncalcified bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts
  19. 48. (Also, Haversian system) basic structural unit of compact bone; made of concentric layers of calcified matrix
  20. 50. Cell responsible for forming new bone
  21. 51. Connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where hematopoiesis takes place (2)
  22. 52. Completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate (2)
  23. 54. Volkmann’s canal) channel that branches off from the central canal and houses vessels and nerves that extend to the periosteum and endosteum (2)
  24. 55. Condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium
  25. 56. Primary cell in mature bone; responsible for maintaining the matrix
  26. 58. Spikes or sections of the lattice-like matrix in spongy bone
  27. 59. Region of the epiphyseal plate where chondrocytes from the proliferative zone grow and mature and contribute to the longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal plate (5)
  28. 60. Fibrocartilaginous matrix, in the endosteal region, between the two ends of a broken bone (2)
  29. 61. Collar of hyaline cartilage and bone that forms around the outside of fracture
Down
  1. 2. Membrane that covers cartilage
  2. 3. Broken bone
  3. 4. Bone of complex shape; protects internal organs from compressive forces (2)
  4. 6. Undifferentiated cell with high mitotic activity; the only bone cells that divide; they differentiate and develop into osteoblasts (2)
  5. 7. Region of the epiphyseal plate that makes new chondrocytes to replace those that die at the diaphyseal end of the plate and contributes to longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal plate (2)
  6. 8. Region of bone development in the epiphyses (3)
  7. 9. Hollow region of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow (2)
  8. 10. Cluster of osteoblasts found in the early stages of intramembranous ossification (2)
  9. 11. Spaces in a bone that house an osteocyte
  10. 13. Condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium
  11. 14. Longitudinal channel in the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; also known as the Haversian canal (2)
  12. 17. Bone formation
  13. 19. Bone tissue; a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton (2)
  14. 20. Layer of spongy bone, that is sandwiched between two the layers of compact bone found in flat bones
  15. 22. Bone markings where part of the surface sticks out above the rest of the surface, where tendons and ligaments attach
  16. 24. Wide section at each end of a long bone; filled with spongy bone and red marrow
  17. 25. Dense osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces (2)
  18. 26. Region of the epiphyseal plate closest to the diaphyseal end; functions to connect the epiphyseal plate to the diaphysis (4)
  19. 27. Doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders and injuries
  20. 28. Thin an curved bone ; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs (2)
  21. 29. Region of the epiphyseal plate that anchors the plate to the osseous tissue of the epiphysis (2)
  22. 31. Process, during bone growth, by which bone is resorbed on one surface of a bone and deposited on another
  23. 34. Fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone and continuous with ligaments
  24. 36. Where two bone surfaces meet
  25. 39. (Also, cancellous bone) trabeculated osseous tissue that supports shifts in weight distribution (2)
  26. 40. Cell responsible for resorbing bone
  27. 42. Disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass; occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation, a common occurrence as the body ages
  28. 45. Small opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis, through which an artery enters the bone to provide nourishment (2)
  29. 46. Manual manipulation of a broken bone to set it into its natural position without surgery (2)
  30. 49. Tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone
  31. 53. Process by which osteoclasts resorb old or damaged bone at the same time as and on the same surface where osteoblasts form new bone to replace that which is resorbed
  32. 57. Opening or depression in a bone