Module 23: Stars

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627
Across
  1. 2. For 10 billion years, a star with a mass similar to our sun will fuse hydrogen into _____. (page 653)
  2. 5. Light, generally seen in the polar regions, forms when gases in the Earth’s atmosphere interact with high-energy particles from the Sun. (page 637).
  3. 9. Governs nearly all of a star’s properties, including temperature, luminosity, and diameter. (page 652)
  4. 14. Areas of low density in the gas of the corona and are the main regions from which the particles that comprise the solar wind escape. (two words – page 638)
  5. 16. The visible surface of the Sun where most of the visible light emitted by the Sun comes from. (page 636)
  6. 18. A predictable change in the number of sunspots that goes from a minimum to maximum to minimum again in about 11 years. (two words – page 638)
  7. 19. An arc of gas that is ejected from the chromosphere or is gas that condenses in the inner corona and rains down back to the surface. (page 638)
  8. 21. The outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere that extends several million kilometers outside the edge of the chromosphere and has temperatures about 3-5 million K. (page 636)
  9. 22. Most common element found in the Sun. (page 641)
  10. 23. Portion of the H-R diagram that contains about 90% of all stars, which are fusing hydrogen in their cores. (two words – page 651)
  11. 24. The outer portion of a star is blown off in a massive explosion. (page 657)
  12. 25. A measure of a star’s energy output. (page 647)
  13. 26. Dark spots on the surface of the Sun are caused when the Sun’s magnetic field periodically disturbs the solar atmosphere. (page 637)
  14. 27. When the hydrogen in the core is gone, the outer layers of the star expand and cool to become a _____. (two words – page 654)
Down
  1. 1. A small, hot object about the size of Earth at the center of a planetary nebula (two words – page 654)
  2. 3. Charged particles that flow outward through the entire solar system and bathe each planet in a flood of particles. (two words – page 637)
  3. 4. A huge discharge of highly charged particles from the corona that can create a geomagnetic storm if it gets caught up in Earth’s magnetic field. (three words – page 638)
  4. 6. When energy production ends, the outer layers expand again and are expelled as a shell of gas called a _____. (two words – page 654)
  5. 7. The combination of lightweight, atomic nuclei into heavier nuclei. (page 639)
  6. 8. Violent eruptions of particles and radiation from the Sun’s surface and are associated with sunspots. (two words – page 638)
  7. 10. Layer of the Sun’s atmosphere that is above the photosphere, which is approximately 2,500 km thick and 15,000 K. (page 636)
  8. 11. A hot, condensed object at the center of a collapsing nebula that will eventually become a star. (page 653)
  9. 12. Small extremely dense object that remains after a supernova that has gravity so immense that nothing, not even light, can escape it. (two words - page 657)
  10. 13. The type of matter that makes up the Sun. (page 635)
  11. 14. Location where energy is produced in the Sun. (page 639).
  12. 15. A star becomes stable when it has sufficient internal heat to produce the _____ needed to balance _____. (two words – page 653)
  13. 17. Part of Earth that deflects charged particles from the Sun. (two words – page 637)
  14. 20. A cloud of interstellar gas and dust where all stars begin. (page 653)