Module 8 Vocabulary

1. in photosynthesis, the major electron carrier involved in electron transport
3. study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe
5. a metabolic process that does require oxygen
8. series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide inside the mitochondria of cells
9. stacks of thylakoids
11. fluid-filled space outside the grana in which light-dependent reactions take place
13. two-phase anabolic pathway in which the sun's light energy is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell
14. light-independent reactions during phase two of photosynthesis in which energy is stored in organic molecules as glucose
18. light-absorbing colored molecule, such as chlorophyll and carotenoid, in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
19. anaerobic process; first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate

2. metabolic process in which pyruvate is broken down and electron-carrier molecules are used to produce ATP through electron transport
4. metabolic process that does not require oxygen
6. catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell
7. process in which NAD+ is regenerated, allowing cells to maintain glycolysis in the absence of oxygen
10. energy carrying biological molecule, which, when broken down, drives cellular activities
12. in chloroplasts, one of the stacked, flattened, pigment-containing membranes in which light-dependent reactions occur
15. ability to do work; cannot be created or destroyed
16. all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
17. enzyme that converts inorganic carbon dioxide molecules into organic molecules during the final step of the calvin cycle