Module One

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Across
  1. 4. occurs when two species hybridize prior to a chromosome-doubling event
  2. 7. flow occurs between populations that are in contact
  3. 10. a complex bacterial community compromising different species; plague on teeth
  4. 11. named after a groove on one side of the cell body in some forms; contains three major monophyletic clades
  5. 13. used in classical bacterial genetics for a variety of purposes
  6. 15. distinctive entities that are phenotypically different, utilize different parts of the habitats and behave differently.
  7. 20. a lipid with a polysaccharide molecule attached; found in the outer membrane layer of gram-negative bacteria
  8. 22. Extinction a relatively sudden, sharp decline in the number of species
  9. 24. stage in the life cycle of myxomycetes
  10. 25. staining technique that divides bacteria into gram-negative or gram-positive based on retention of a violet dye. Differences in staining are due to cell wall construction.
  11. 27. does not include the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group.
  12. 28. involves mitosis, but the process often differs from the mitosis in multicellular animals
  13. 29. a shared character state that has not been inherited from a common ancestor exhibiting that character state
  14. 34. reconstruction and study of evolutionary relationships
  15. 37. the primary type of light absorbing pigment in photosynthesis
  16. 38. used in cladistics to refer to a group used to polarize characters that is distantly related to groups under study
Down
  1. 1. the evolutionary history of an organism, including which species are closely related and in what order related species evolved; often represented in the form of an evolutionary tree
  2. 2. temporary union of two unicellular organisms, during which genetic material is transferred from one cell to the other
  3. 3. condition in which one or more entire sets of chromosomes are added to the diploid genome
  4. 5. the process of producing offspring of fertilization
  5. 6. the protein composing bacterial flagella, which allow a cell to move through an aqueous environment
  6. 8. the concept that defines species on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships.
  7. 9. Displacement a process in which natural selection favors individuals in a species that use resources not used by other species.
  8. 12. fossils of microscopic organisms thought to represent the earliest forms of life
  9. 14. chemical substance released by one organism that influences the behavior or physiological processes of another organism of the same species.
  10. 16. the outermost protein covering a virus
  11. 17. when a daughter cell is considerably smaller than it’s parent and then grows to its adult size; a type of cell division
  12. 18. members of the phylum chrysophyta, are photosynthetic, unicellular organisms with unique double shells made of Olga pine silica, which are often strikingly marked.
  13. 19. Radiation the evolution of several divergent forms from a primitive and unspecialized ancestor
  14. 21. a taxonomic technique used for creating hierarchies of organisms that represent true phylogenetic relationships and descent
  15. 23. groups of distinctive individuals
  16. 26. a taxonomic group composed of an ancestor and all it’s descendants
  17. 28. a polyploid organism that contains a duplicated genome of the same species; may result from a meiotic error
  18. 30. acquired immune deficiency syndrome
  19. 31. a single flagellum
  20. 32. pore studded shells
  21. 33. includes the most recent common ancestor of the group, but not all it’s descendants
  22. 35. the molecular machine that carries out protein synthesis
  23. 36. extracellular matrix
  24. 39. a taxonomic group that ranks below a family and above a species