Molecular Genetics

2. process where the information carried by mRNA is used to build a corresponding sequence of amino acids to form a protein.
4. a regulatory protein that inhibits gene expression by binding to the operator region of DNA.
8. process where information from DNA is used to synthesize complementary mRNA molecules.
11. non-coding regions of genes that are transcribed into mRNA but are later spliced out before the final mRNA is translated into proteins.
12. the hereditary material that carries genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms.
13. in molecular biology refer to pieces of DNA or RNA resulting from processes like restriction enzyme digestion or DNA sequencing.
14. refers to genes that are turned on in response to specific signals or environmental conditions.

1. signaling molecules that regulate the pattern of tissue development and differentiation.
3. a permanent change in the DNA sequence, which can result in altered genetic information.
5. coding regions of genes that are transcribed into mRNA and play a direct role in protein synthesis.
6. a regulatory protein that enhances gene expression by binding to the enhancer region of DNA.
7. an enzyme that unwinds and separates the DNA double helix during processes like DNA replication.
9. a molecule involved in various cellular processes, including protein synthesis and gene regulation.
10. a three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis.