Molecular Genetics and Gene Regulation

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Across
  1. 4. On a tRNA molecule, a specific sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA
  2. 6. A protein that blocks the transcription of a gene or operon
  3. 7. A protein that switches on a gene or group of genes
  4. 8. A unit of genetic regulation common in prokaryotes; a cluster of genes with related functions, along with the promoter and operator that control their transcription
  5. 9. In the eukaryotic cell, a protein that functions in initiating or regulating transcription by binding to DNA or to other proteins that bind to DNA
  6. 13. mRNA processing occurs in the _________
  7. 14. The two strands of the DNA double helix run in opposite directions; they are ________
  8. 16. Before ________ can occur, the mRNA must leave the nucleus and bind with a ribosome
  9. 17. This suffix is commonly found in the names of enzymes
  10. 18. An enzyme that assembles DNA nucleotides into polynucleotides using a preexisting strand of DNA as a template
  11. 20. An operon with an operator that is always on (transcription occurring) unless a signal turns it off; Example: tryptophan operon
  12. 21. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA located at the start of a gene that is the binding site for RNA polymerase and the pace where transcription begins
  13. 22. Polymerases can only add nucleotides to the ___________ end of the DNA or RNA strand being synthesized.
  14. 23. The monomer used to build RNA and/or DNA
  15. 27. A eukaryotic DNA sequence that functions to inhibit the start of gene transcription; may act analogously to an enhancer by binding a repressor.
  16. 28. The _________ strand is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork
Down
  1. 1. The monomer used to build proteins
  2. 2. The process whereby genetic information flows from genes to proteins; the flow of genetic information from the genotype to the phenotype
  3. 3. The set of rules that dictates the correspondence between RNA codons in an mRNA molecule and amino acids in protein
  4. 5. A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particuar amino acid or polypeptide termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code
  5. 10. A gene that codes for a protein, such as a repressor, that controls the transcription of another gene or group of genes.
  6. 11. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template
  7. 12. A large molecule consisting of many identical or similar molecuar units, called monomers, covalently joined together in a chain
  8. 15. A eukaryotic DNA sequence that helps stimulate the transcription of a gene at some distance from it, functioning by means of a transcription factor called an activator, which binds to it and then to the rest of the transcription apparatus.
  9. 19. In place of thymine, RNA uses this base
  10. 24. The _________ strand is synthesized in segments away from the replication fork
  11. 25. An operon that produces proteins only under specific conditions; Example: lactose operon
  12. 26. Enzymes belong to this class of macromolecules