Molecular Genetics Review

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Across
  1. 2. The building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
  2. 3. The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself
  3. 4. The study of gene regulation without changes to DNA sequence
  4. 10. The initial transcript before processing in eukaryotes
  5. 12. The process where one gene produces multiple proteins
  6. 14. Non-coding sequences removed during mRNA processing
  7. 16. The bond that links amino acids together
  8. 17. The basic unit of protein structure
  9. 22. The strand synthesized discontinuously during replication away from the fork
  10. 23. The strand synthesized continuously during replication towards the fork
  11. 27. The feature of the genetic code where multiple codons code for the same amino acid
  12. 28. The enzyme that synthesizes mRNA during transcription
  13. 29. Short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand
  14. 30. The point where DNA strands separate during replication
  15. 32. The location where translation occurs in the cytoplasm
  16. 34. The DNA polymerase that primarily synthesizes the leading and lagging strands in prokaryotes, short form
  17. 35. The region where a transcription factor binds and signals RNA polymerase to initiate transcription
  18. 37. The shape of a DNA molecule
  19. 39. The direction in which DNA and RNA are synthesized
  20. 40. The modification that adds approximately 200 adenine nucleotides to mRNA on the 3’ end
  21. 42. The nitrogenous base found in DNA but not RNA
  22. 44. A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence
  23. 45. Modifications made to proteins after translation is complete
Down
  1. 1. Type of replication where each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand
  2. 5. The nitrogenous base found in RNA but not DNA
  3. 6. The molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation
  4. 7. The process of converting mRNA into a protein
  5. 8. The modification that adds a modified guanine to the 5’ end of an mRNA
  6. 9. The three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that pairs with the codon
  7. 11. The first codon that signals the start of translation and also codes for methionine (met)
  8. 13. The organelle where translation occurs in eukaryotic cells
  9. 15. The statement that DNA → RNA → Protein
  10. 18. The three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid
  11. 19. The sugar found in DNA nucleotides
  12. 20. A mutation caused by insertion or deletion that shifts the reading frame
  13. 21. The change in DNA sequence that may affect protein structure
  14. 24. The DNA polymerase that removes RNA primers and fills gaps in prokaryotes, short form
  15. 25. The process of making mRNA from a DNA template
  16. 26. A mutation that changes one amino acid to a different one
  17. 31. The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions, described as this
  18. 33. The codons that signal the end of translation
  19. 36. The feature of the genetic code that is the same across all organisms
  20. 38. Coding sequences retained in mature mRNA
  21. 41. A mutation that introduces a premature stop codon
  22. 43. The messenger molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
  23. 44. The process of removing introns and joining exons in mRNA