Motivation

2. This theory argues that the behaviour of individuals is such as to maximize pleasure and to minimize pain in whatever form it may occur. It has 3 elements: expectancy, instrumentality and valence
5. Comes from the rewards (or punishment) associated with working on and completing a task
8. This theory states that employees become demotivated towards their jobs and employer if they feel that their inputs are greater than their outputs
9. Represents the first formal attempt at analyzing employee motivation. It tells us that people are only motivated by money

1. This theory states that there are motivating factors (aspects of a worker’s job that can lead to positive job satisfaction, such as achievement, recognition, meaningful and interesting work and advancement at work) and hygiene factors (: aspects of a worker’s job that have the potential to cause dissatisfaction, such as pay, working conditions, status and over-supervision by managers).
3. Represented by a pyramid, it states that our needs determine our actions – we will always try to satisfy them and we will be motivated to do so. If work can be organised so that we can satisfy some or all of our needs at work, then we will become more productive and satisfied.
4. This theory argues that an individual’s motivation depends upon their needs and that these needs are determined by the individual’s experience, these three needs exist, to differing extents, in all employees, irrespective of their role or status within the business. The needs are achievement, affiliation and authority
6. Comes from the satisfaction of working on and completing a task
7. Consists of 3 psychological needs: autonomy, relatedness, competence