MUS153 Midterm Review

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Across
  1. 3. Also known as country rock, mixture of blues and hillbilly that was developed in the mid-1950s by white, southern stars like Carl Perkins, Elvis Presley, and Johnny Cash
  2. 5. An early 20th-century, composed piano music featuring consistent syncopation of the melody against a steady duple meter
  3. 10. Jazz pianist who switched to pop singer, putting out dozens of crossover hits; he was the most successful black recording artist of the postwar era
  4. 12. A “catchy” or otherwise memorable musical phrase or pattern
  5. 14. Saxophonist, singer, and bandleader who with his Tympany Five pioneered rhythm and blues, producing over 50 crossover hits
  6. 16. The system of harmony based on the major and minor scales, in which harmonies move away from and then return to the tonic
  7. 17. Blues singer who made some highly influential recordings in the 1930s; legend has it he sold his soul to the devil in exchange for guitar skills
  8. 18. _______ song: 19th-century sentimental popular song, meant for middle-class consumers; Stephen Foster’s “Beautiful Dreamer” is an example.
  9. 19. A term that emerged in 1949 to refer to all black popular music, but specifically refers to a danceable style of the 1940s and 50s pioneered by artists like Louis Jordan; it influenced many styles such as rock n roll, soul, gospel, and jazz.
  10. 23. 19th-century composer of popular songs who sought to raise the status of minstrel songs; he was the first American composer to live solely from his compositions.
  11. 25. Rhythm and blues singer, drummer, and harmonica player who scored a national hit with “Hound Dog” in 1953
  12. 27. Rhythm and blues singer, songwriter and pianist, famous for his extroverted, energetic performances; he wrote many hit songs, including “Long Tall Sally”
  13. 28. Musical tradition that developed in the early 20th century, primarily in New Orleans, by African Americans, based on the blues and centered around the ideas of improvisation, syncopation, and swing
  14. 29. The flexible approach to rhythm that is one of the main features of jazz; also a 1930s style of jazz performed by big bands
  15. 33. Country singer and songwriter whose popularity began as a result of the 1927 Bristol Sessions; his “Blue Yodels” show the strong influence of the blues on his music
  16. 35. Influential popular music style that emerged in the mid-1950s as a combination of rhythm and blues, country, gospel, boogie-woogie, and swing, popular among both white and black audiences
  17. 36. _____ music, a term describing musics that are disseminated through media such as radio, records, TV, film or electronic files, subject to an aesthetic of innovation and mass appeal, and associated with the urban middle and lower classes
  18. 39. 1940s style of country named after the noisy Texas dance halls in which it developed, featuring frank, realistic lyrics on harsh subjects
  19. 40. Vocal African American folk music that can be said to be the foundation of much of American popular music
  20. 41. Spanish bandleader, violinist and arranger who with his Waldorf Astoria Orchestra was the most famous name in Latin music during the 1930s and 1940s
  21. 44. Female blues and jazz singer who was the most successful black performing artist of her time before alcoholism and the Depression damaged her career; her duet with Louis Armstrong in "St. Louis Blues" is one of her most famous performances
  22. 45. Rhythm and blues singer, pianist, and songwriter, who was the second biggest-selling artist of the 1950s, with hits such as “Blueberry Hill”
  23. 46. Female blues and jazz singer who emulated jazz instrumental soloists and performed with the greatest jazz musicians of the day; one of her most famous songs is the controversial "Strange Fruit"
  24. 49. Damaso _________: Cuban pianist, bandleader and arranger who toured the Americas in the 1940s, popularizing the mambo
  25. 52. Narrative, strophic folk song usually sung by a solo voice with or without accompaniment, dealing with dramatic or tragic events
  26. 53. Category used in the early 20th century by the recording industry for its blues, jazz and gospel records; it was replaced in 1949 by Rhythm and Blues.
  27. 55. Profoundly influential rhythm and blues guitarist, singer and songwriter who wrote many hit songs that became rock and roll standards, like “Maybellene”
  28. 59. Arranger and bandleader, whose band at the Roseland Ballroom was the most important of the early big bands; his arrangements were made famous by Whiteman and Goodman's bands, among others
  29. 60. _________ Broadcaster, later renamed the Telecaster: Released in 1948, this was the first commercially mass-produced, solid-body electric guitar
  30. 61. The way that music is disseminated from person to person
  31. 62. New Orleans cornetist, singer, and bandleader who revolutionized jazz improvisation and who was equally influential as an instrumentalist and as a singer
  32. 66. ______ show: 19th-century variety show featuring white (and later, black) performers in blackface makeup; in spite of their overt racism, these shows can be said to be the first nationwide popular culture phenomenon and provided professional opportunities for African American performers
  33. 67. The simultaneous sounding of two or more pitches
  34. 69. Singer who was the first female superstar of country music, with songs that gave a female perspective on honky tonk themes
  35. 70. A type of performance in which the music is created as it is being performed
  36. 71. An intimate, gentles style of singing facilitated by the introduction of the electric microphone and modern recording techniques
  37. 73. Mexican American guitarist, singer, songwriter, who is considered a pioneer of Latin rock due to his hit “La Bamba”
  38. 74. 1920s style of country, primarily based on folk ballads and fiddle tunes from the British Isles
Down
  1. 1. A practice in which a solo alternates with a chorus or ensemble; it is a feature of African and African American musics
  2. 2. Best known American bandleader, most famous for commissioning and performing symphonic jazz standards like Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue
  3. 4. New Orleans cornetist and bandleader, famous for mentoring several prominent jazz musicians, most notably Louis Armstrong
  4. 6. Term describing the popular music publishing industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with publishing houses centered on 28th Street in New York City; it focused on producing hits for an urban market
  5. 7. _____ music, a term describing musics that are traditional, primarily disseminated through oral transmission, and usually associated with a specific rural setting or ethnic group
  6. 8. Pianist, singer and composer whose work on Tin Pan Alley, Broadway, and Hollywood made him the most productive and successful Tin Pan Alley composer
  7. 9. Pianist and composer whose works, such as "Maple Leaf Rag," defined ragtime
  8. 11. Folk-derived popular music that developed in the Southeast U.S., influenced by Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional ballads, gospel, cowboy songs, and the blues, with lyrics that traditionally celebrate rural, working-class culture
  9. 13. Pianist, bandleader and arranger, who developed the ideal jazz accompaniment centered around the rhythm section
  10. 15. Folklorists who recorded blues and folk musicians in the field for the Library of Congress archives, helping them achieve wide exposure
  11. 20. Pianist, songwriter, composer and conductor who successfully combined blues and jazz into his popular and classical works
  12. 21. A social construct distinguishing one group of humans from another on the basis of shared cultural heritage, ancestry, language, history, and or culture; it has largely replaced the now outdated concept of race
  13. 22. A simple, repeating melodic idea or pattern designed to generate rhythmic momentum, typically played by the horns or the piano in a jazz ensemble, or by an electric guitar in a rock n roll contex
  14. 24. A highly influential blues singer who came to prominence partly as a result of recordings made by ethnographers John and Alan Lomax
  15. 26. Songwriting and producer team who were two of the most important songwriters of the early days of rock & roll, producing many hits for Elvis and others
  16. 30. rhythmic pattern of Cuban origin featuring a series of eighth notes arranged in irregular groups of 2 and 3; a fundamental element of Afro-Cuban musics
  17. 31. A widely used harmonic pattern consisting of 4 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the subdominant, 2 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the dominant and 2 measures on the tonic, used as a basis for improvisation
  18. 32. 1940s style of country that showcases virtuosic banjo and fiddle players
  19. 34. Cuban pianist and bandleader who, as the leader of the Havana Casino Orchestra, launched the Latin dance craze in the United States with his 1930 hit “El manicero” (‘The Peanut Vendor’)
  20. 37. Guitarist, singer and songwriter who absorbed the rural blues and transformed it into the electric Chicago blues; he was one of the most influential guitar players of all time
  21. 38. Rhythm and blues singer, known as “Miss Rhythm”, who was the most popular black female vocalist of the early 1950s
  22. 42. Guitarist, singer, and songwriter, known as the “Queen of Rockabilly”, who was one of the earlier female rock ’n’ roll artists
  23. 43. Singer, guitarist, and bandleader whose band The Comets combined western swing with rhythm and blues; their “Rock Around the Clock” from 1955 was the first international rock & roll hit
  24. 47. 1940s Latin dance genre, derived from the Cuban son and danzón with the influence of swing; Pérez Prado popularized it throughout the Americas
  25. 48. A technique of jazz singing in which singers use nonsense syllables to improvise melodies, imitating instrumental solos
  26. 50. Pianist, bandleader and composer, who is known as the most significant composer of big-band music
  27. 51. The ______ Family: Influential country music artists, originally including A.P., his wife Sara and her sister Maybelle, whose repertory of traditional songs, ballads and hymns became country standards
  28. 54. Profoundly influential singer, guitarist and actor whose uninhibited, sexually charged performances helped to popularize rock & roll among national and international audiences
  29. 56. Most common form of Tin Pan Alley songs, with an introductory verse and a refrain in AABA form
  30. 57. Clarinetist and bandleader who brought swing to national attention; his Quartet was the first well-known integrated band to perform live
  31. 58. Singer, guitarist, songwriter who combined traditional rural country, blues, gospel, honky-tonk with heartfelt, relatable lyrics
  32. 59. Singer and actor, influenced by both jazz and Italian opera, who represents the transition between big band swing and later pop trends
  33. 63. The arrangement of time durations in music
  34. 64. Song form in which multiple verses are set to the same music
  35. 65. Nickname for Cuban bandleader, singer, and maraca player Frank Grillo, who led the first U.S. band to use full Afro-Cuban percussion
  36. 68. ________ swing: a style of country that developed in Texas in the 1930s, which mixed traditional fiddle tunes and Mexican and Hawaiian influences with big band swing
  37. 72. A succession of pitches that has an organized and recognizable shape