MUS328 Final Review

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Across
  1. 2. John __________: Tenor and soprano saxophonist who influenced both mainstream and avant-garde jazz; his influential A Love Supreme was inspired by his spiritual quest
  2. 5. Benjamin __________: British composer, conductor, and pianist, known for his neotonal, accessible works, who wrote the finest English operas since Purcell
  3. 6. An experimental technique in which foreign objects are placed inside a piano to modify its sound
  4. 8. Sergey __________: Soviet pianist and composer who returned to the USSR after 20 years of successful career in the West; he’s primarily known for his piano works, ballets, and film scores
  5. 10. A term that describes a new era of human communication and interconnection across cultural, national, and geographic boundaries
  6. 13. Experimental technique using recorded sounds as raw material, pioneered in the late 1940s and 50s in France by Edgard Varèse among others
  7. 16. Steve __________: Minimalist composer who writes “process music”, an idea based on tape loops.
  8. 17. Kaija __________: Finnish composer, famous especially for her operas; her music combines live and electronic sounds. Before her death in 2023 she was considered one of the greatest living composers
  9. 19. Pierre __________: French composer and conductor who used serial methods; as director of IRCAM he explored electronic and computer music
  10. 20. style of jazz developed in the 1940s and 50s as a moderation of bebop, featuring soft dynamics, slower tempos and at times less overt emotional involvement
  11. 21. Loose group of avant-garde artists who created pieces of performance art in NY in the 1960s and 70s; Yoko Ono was a member
  12. 22. Caroline __________: Composer, violinist and singer who won the Pulitzer Prize for music in 2013; her works combine unpatched recitation of texts, Baroque, medieval, American, and non-Western elements with the modern classical tradition
  13. 23. George __________: American pianist, songwriter, composer and conductor who successfully combined blues and jazz into his popular and classical works
  14. 24. Milton __________: American composer and theorist who pioneered total serialism and computer and electronic music
  15. 28. A method of composition in which a fixed series of elements governs the entire composition. Most commonly, the series is the 12-pitch row, but around WWII composers sometimes extended serialism to elements other than pitch
  16. 30. the glorification of indigenous traditions and heritage; it constitutes a primary element of Mexican Revolutionary Nationalism
  17. 31. Harry __________: American composer who invented several instruments to realize his music based on his 43-note untempered microtonal scale
  18. 34. Tonal technique developed by Arvo Pärt in which a voice has the melody and other voices sound the notes of the tonic triad
  19. 36. Realistic style that Soviet artists were compelled to use, which celebrated socialism and revolutionary heroes in a simple, accessible language with an emphasis on folk-like melodies
  20. 40. Vocal African American folk music that can be said to be the foundation of much of American popular music
  21. 44. Terry __________: American composer who pioneered minimalist music in the mid 1960s; his In C uses elements of chance music.
  22. 45. Bela __________: Pianist, teacher, ethnomusicologist, and composer who synthesized elements of Eastern European folk and Western classical musics; along with Liszt he is considered one of Hungary’s greatest composers
  23. 46. Innovative ballet company founded in Paris in 1909 by Russian impresario Serge Diaghilev, which premiered many of the most significant ballets of the early 20th c., notably Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring
  24. 48. Group of young modernist French composers who in the 1920s and 30s were strongly influenced by Satie and neoclassicism
  25. 49. Artistic and cultural movement, prevalent since the late 1970s, which embraces hybridity, fragmentation, borrowing from older styles, irony, and breaking down barriers between popular and fine art
  26. 51. Jennifer __________: American contemporary composer and flutist, student of George Crumb, whose music exemplifies accessible modernism; her blue cathedral is one of today’s most performed contemporary orchestral works
  27. 53. Osvaldo __________: Argentinian-born contemporary composer, student of George Crumb, whose music combines computer music, modernist, and Latin American elements
  28. 54. Bessie__________: Blues and jazz singer who was the most successful black performing artist of her time, known as the “Empress of the Blues”
  29. 57. Alfred __________: Postmodernist Russian composer whose works quote and evoke different styles and historical periods, such as in his Concerto Grosso No. 1
  30. 58. A compositional technique in which the principles of tone rows are applied to parameters other than pitch, such as duration, dynamics, articulation, etc.
  31. 59. the practice of re-using small sections of other artists’ records in a new song, commonly used in many rap, hip hop, R&B, ambient, and rock records since the 1980s
  32. 60. Dizzie __________: Virtuoso trumpet player, heavily influenced by Afro-Cuban music, who was one of the architects of the bebop style
  33. 62. Miles __________: Profoundly influential trumpetist, who spearheaded the development of three major jazz styles: cool jazz, modal jazz, and fusion
  34. 63. Music for everyday use, or “Utility music”
  35. 64. Ornette __________: Alto saxophonist and composer whose controversial album Free Jazz gave name to the experimental style
  36. 65. Neue Sachlichkeit, a term that describes the aesthetic of many composers in Weimar Germany, which held that music should communicate clearly, opposed complexity and used familiar elements drawn from popular music, jazz, and Classical and Baroque periods
Down
  1. 1. Also known as chance or aleatory music, it is an experimental genre in which the composer gives up control over significant aspects of the composition or performance of the piece. The most extreme example might be Cage’s 4’33’’
  2. 3. Heitor __________: Cellist, guitarist and composer who fused Brazilian vernacular musics with modernist and neoclassical elements, considered one of the most important composers of Latin America
  3. 4. intervals smaller than a half step; they are used in many non-Western folk musics as well as in experimental art music
  4. 7. a long-playing record that typically plays at 33 and one third revolutions per minute, allowing up to 25 min per side
  5. 9. Dissonant chords made of seconds, pioneered by Henry Cowell
  6. 11. Modernist style of jazz developed in Harlem in the 1940s as a reaction against swing and symphonic jazz, featuring a small ensemble of virtuoso performers doing complex, often fast improvisations on the harmony rather than the melody of a known song
  7. 12. George __________: American composer whose works explore new and unusual timbres produced with traditional instruments; Black Angels for electric string quartet is an example
  8. 14. Postmodernist style that developed in the mid-1970s that returns to the emotional expression associated with 19th-c. Romanticism
  9. 15. Karlheinz __________: German composer who applied serial techniques to pitch, duration, dynamics, etc; he pioneered electronic music and indeterminacy and was an influential figure of the postwar avant-garde
  10. 16. Silvestre __________: Violinist, composer and conductor who blended Mexican folk and popular music with dissonant modernism and colorful orchestration; considered one of the most important composers of Mexico and Latin America
  11. 18. Philip __________: American composer, considered one of the founding figures of minimalism, famous for his film scores, concert music, and opera, such as Music in Twelve Parts
  12. 25. Leonard __________: Pianist, conductor, composer and teacher who was the first American conductor of the NY Philharmonic and made significant contributions to both art music and Broadway
  13. 26. Late 20th century artistic movement that sought an intentionally simplified style; in music based upon the repetition and gradual variation of simple melodic fragments
  14. 27. Ellen Taaffe __________: American composer and violinist whose works are an example of accessible modernism; She received the first Pulitzer Prize in music awarded to a woman, for her Symphony No. 1
  15. 29. Charles __________: American organist and composer whose experimental works combine elements of Romanticism and modernism and was unknown for most of his composing career; musical quotations are an inherent part of his compositions.
  16. 32. Richard __________: Composer who, with his two collaborators, composed the most successful and innovative musicals of the Golden Age
  17. 33. Beginning in 1946, a summer festival and courses on contemporary music was held in the German city of ___________, creating a center for serialism
  18. 35. Dmitri __________: Soviet pianist and composer, regarded as the greatest symphonist of the 20th c.; critics see possible resistance vs oppression in his works, such as the 5th Symphony
  19. 37. Ruth __________: Pianist, composer, and folk song editor who was the first woman to win a Guggenheim Fellowship in composition
  20. 38. Nadia __________: French organist, composer and teacher who, beginning in the 1920s, was responsible for training several generations of American composers.
  21. 39. ________ School: term used to describe the composers like Schoenberg and his students who embraced atonality and serialism in the early 20th c.
  22. 41. Duke __________: Pianist, bandleader, arranger, and composer, who is known as the most significant composer of big band music and one of the most influential American composers
  23. 42. Charlie __________: Virtuoso saxophonist who revolutionized jazz with his improvisation techniques; he was one of the architects of the bebop style
  24. 43. Arvo __________: Estonian composer, famous primarily for his choral works, who works in a radically simplified style
  25. 47. Igor __________: Russian pianist, conductor and composer, famous primarily for his modernist ballets based on Russian elements; he was one of the most influential composers of the 20th c.
  26. 50. John __________: Postmodernist American composer whose tonal, deeply expressive works include the Academy-Award-winning score for The Red Violin
  27. 52. Olivier __________: French organist, composer and teacher who created a completely individual sound based on artificial modes; his music often has mystical and religious themes
  28. 55. Aaron __________: 20th century composer who achieved a distinctively American style by incorporating elements of jazz and other vernacular musics, such as in Appalachian Spring
  29. 56. Edgard __________: French-born composer who conceived of music as organized sound, championed contemporary music, and pioneered several electronic techniques such as working with magnetic tape (musique concrète)
  30. 61. Samuel __________: Singer, conductor and composer whose vocally inspired lyricism and neotonal, Romantic language made him one of the most frequently performed American composers
  31. 66. John __________: American composer who radically expanded the range of sounds allowed to be considered “music,” using the prepared piano and inventing several aleatory compositional techniques.