MUS/SPA 354 Final Review

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Across
  1. 1. A term that describes a new era of human communication and interconnection across cultural, national, and geographic boundaries; its processes are separate from specific national boundaries, whereas transnational processes are still anchored in one or more nation states
  2. 3. Adaptation of rock to a Latin American context, featuring Spanish-language lyrics, Latin American themes, rhythms and instruments, and the use of local folk and popular genres
  3. 5. Genre that emerged in Argentina in the late 1970s as political resistance, influential as a precursor of rock en español
  4. 9. Panamanian singer and composer; one of the most prominent salsa artists
  5. 12. Música _______ Term that describes the various Afro-Caribbean styles, from Colombia as well as foreign origin, played by Colombian big bands in the 1930s and 40s; now describes all genres of Afro-Caribbean origin
  6. 13. Argentinian composer who integrated Argentine popular music with classical forms and jazz, becoming a leader of the Nuevo Tango
  7. 16. Brazilian popular music, influenced by jazz, that developed in the 1960s as a new way of performing samba-canção, popular among the white, urban middle and upper classes
  8. 17. Argentinian pianist, singer and bandleader who as a leader of Serú Girán, defined rock nacional
  9. 19. Mexican American labor leader and civil rights activist who became an icon for the Chicano Movement; several corridos were written in his honor
  10. 21. _____ Records, one of the first Mexican American-owned record labels, influential in recording, disseminating, and popularizing conjunto tejano
  11. 22. Chilean singer-songwriter who was tortured and killed after the coup that deposed Salvador Allende; extremely influential writer of nueva canción
  12. 23. Song and dance, associated particularly with carnival celebrations in Rio de Janeiro; considered Brazil’s national dance
  13. 26. Conjunto de ________ Ensemble of traditional cumbia, including including gaita hembra, gaita macho, maracas, tambor llamador, tambor alegre, and tambora
  14. 28. Colombian bandleader who led one of the most innovative and successful orchestras of música tropical in the 1940s
  15. 31. Also known as canción colombiana, this Mestizo genre is considered the national dance of Colombia
  16. 32. Hip hop en español duo consisting of two Puerto Rican step-brothers: rapper Residente and producer Visitante. Their eclectic style mixes reggaeton and hip hop with musics from all over the world with political and social commentary, for example in “La Perla”
  17. 34. The process whereby a minority group, such as immigrants, gradually adapts to the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture. Historically, Latinx (particularly, Mexican) immigrants have historically resisted it
  18. 37. Accordionist and composer, considered the father of Texas Mexican music, also known as “El huracán del valle”
  19. 40. Argentinian singer and actor who became the leading singer of La Guardia Nueva and popularized the tango canción all over the world
  20. 41. Colombian singer and actor whose fusion of vallenato with rock, pop legitimized vallenato among middle-class Colombian audiences and popularized it internationally
  21. 42. Colombian working-class genre featuring button accordion, caja and guacharaca
  22. 43. Colombian singer-songwriter who is perhaps one of the most important Latin music artists of the early 21st c.
  23. 44. Mexican rock rap band that reached fame in the late 1990s
Down
  1. 2. Any process (economic, political, cultural) that extends beyond the boundaries of nation-states
  2. 4. Puerto Rican rapper whose smash hit “Gasolina” popularized reggaeton worldwide in 2004
  3. 6. Argentinian dance and song genre and national symbol
  4. 7. Percussionist and bandleader who popularized Latin dance genres and became a symbol of Puerto Rican identity
  5. 8. Grammy-award winning pop and country singer whose 1987 album Canciones de mi padre was influential in spurring interest in mariachi music and highlighted mariachi as a symbol of Mexican American identity
  6. 10. Dance genre developed by Cuban Americans and Puerto Ricans in New York in the 1960s and 1970s, featuring elements from Cuban son and jazz; it mediates conflicts between tradition and modernity
  7. 11. Cuban American pop singer who began her career as the lead vocalist for Miami Sound Machine, pioneering the Latin pop explosion
  8. 14. Mexican composer who helped disseminate bolero throughout Latin America
  9. 15. Mexican-born vihuelist and mariachi director who was a leading promoter of mariachi music in the United States; his Mariachi Los Camperos earned widespread recognition
  10. 18. Colombian pop singer who established her popularity throughout Latin America with her 1996 album Pies descalzos and broke into the U.S. market with the bilingual album Laundry Service in 2001
  11. 19. Most popular Colombian musical genre, featuring African-based rhythms
  12. 20. A term referring to Mexican Americans; although it previously had negative connotations, it was reclaimed during the 1960s civil rights movement as a symbol of pride in Mexican American heritage
  13. 21. One of the most pressing issues of U.S. relations with Latin America, it can be said to have transformed the demographics of the border region as well as the U.S. at large over the past 70+ years
  14. 22. Extremely influential accordionist who added vocals to the traditional conjunto tejano, retuned the accordion, and represents the transition to a modern conjunto style
  15. 24. Genre of Cuban origin featuring romantic lyrics and close vocal harmonies accompanied with guitars; it became an urban cosmopolitan genre after its arrival in Mexico City in the 1930s
  16. 25. Newyorican trombonist and bandleader whose powerful arrangements perfectly complemented Blades’s lyrics
  17. 27. Argentinian rock nacional band whose mixture of pop, reggae and new wave (such as seen in their album Signos) made them one of the top Spanish-language bands of the 1980s
  18. 29. Música _______ Brazilian rural music featuring guitars, accordion, and two singers in parallel thirds
  19. 30. Mexican rock en español band whose distinctive sound included post-punk, Mexican folk and Afro-Caribbean musics, as seen in their 1990 album El Diablito
  20. 33. Brazilian singer and composer who contributed to the establishment of the urban samba, composing such classics as “Aquarela do Brasil”
  21. 35. _________ canción: Influential folk and folk-inspired Latin American song genre, featuring poetic lyrics often focused on social justice issues; emerged first in Chile, where it was closely associated with the administration of President Allende
  22. 36. Brazilian singer and guitarist who was one of the most influential bossa nova figures for songs such as “Desafinado”
  23. 38. Pan-Latin urban genre that originated in Puerto Rico and NYC in the early 1990s, mixing hip hop, reggae and Latin American musics with Spanish-language lyrics
  24. 39. A corrido relating to the drug traffic; while controversial and often banned, they are extremely popular on both sides of the border