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2. The amount of matter in an object; a measure of an object’s inertia.
3. The change in an object's position over time as measured relative to a chosen reference point.
5. The rate at which an object moves; the distance traveled per unit time (a scalar).
7. The rate of change of velocity over time; can describe speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction.
8. An event in which two or more objects exert forces on each other in a short time interval, possibly exchanging momentum and energy.
9. variable The variable that is intentionally changed or controlled in an experiment to test its effect.
10. An interaction that can change an object's motion or shape; described by magnitude and direction.
11. standardized quantity used to express a physical measurement (e.g., meter for length, second for time).
12. (force)The vector sum of all forces acting on an object; the single equivalent force that produces the same effect.

1. Speed with direction; the rate of change of an object’s position (a vector).
2. The size or amount of a quantity (e.g., the numerical value of a vector without its direction).
4. variable The variable that is observed and measured; it responds to changes in the independent variable.
5. A defined collection of objects or particles chosen for analysis, separated from the surroundings by a boundary.
6. (force)The force that arises in response to another force, often described together with the action force (as in Newton’s third law).
9. The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion; depends on mass.
10. of reference The coordinate system or set of objects used to measure and describe the position and motion of something.

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