Natural disasters

4. typically caused by an overflow of water onto normally dry land
6. formed over warm ocean waters when warm, moist air rises, cools, condenses, and releases heat
8. primarily caused by the sudden movement and release of stress along fault lines in the Earth's crust, often at plate boundaries
9. depressions in the ground with no natural surface drainage, typically form when naturally acidic rainwater erodes underlying bedrock
10. can be caused by natural events or human activities

1. gravity overcoming the forces holding the material in place, often triggered by factors like heavy rainfall, earthquakes, or human activities
2. intense wildfires create strong updrafts of hot air, which, combined with turbulent winds, can lead to a rapidly spinning vortex of fire
3. a large, swirling disk of clouds with a calm, clear center called the "eye," surrounded by a ring of towering thunderstorms known as the "eyewall"
5. a combination of warm, humid air, cool, dry air, and wind shear
7. moisture, rising unstable air (air that keeps rising when given a nudge), and a lifting mechanism to provide the “nudge.”