NSD -2025

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Across
  1. 1. – A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution.
  2. 3. – The SI unit for the amount of substance, containing Avogadro’s number of particles.
  3. 5. – A solution that contains more dissolved solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature.
  4. 6. – Different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state.
  5. 8. – An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.
  6. 10. – The substance in which the solute dissolves to form a solution.
  7. 15. – A group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
  8. 16. – A technique used to determine the concentration of a solution by reacting it with a standard solution.
  9. 17. – A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in a solution.
  10. 18. – The substance dissolved in a solution.
  11. 20. – A state in which the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.
  12. 22. – An insoluble solid that forms in a solution during a chemical reaction.
  13. 25. – A substance composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.
  14. 29. – A solution that resists changes in pH when an acid or base is added.
  15. 30. – An element with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.
  16. 31. – The gain of electrons by an atom or molecule.
  17. 33. Bond – A bond formed between oppositely charged ions due to electron transfer.
  18. 34. – The total heat content of a system.
  19. 35. – The smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
  20. 36. – The mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals.
  21. 37. Free Energy – A thermodynamic quantity indicating the spontaneity of a reaction.
  22. 38. – The calculation of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
  23. 39. – The concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution.
Down
  1. 2. – Properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles, such as boiling point elevation and freezing point depression.
  2. 4. – A substance made of only one type of atom.
  3. 7. – A substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
  4. 9. – The loss of electrons by an atom or molecule.
  5. 11. – A measure of the disorder or randomness in a system.
  6. 12. Bond – A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
  7. 13. – An element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity, malleable, and ductile.
  8. 14. – Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
  9. 19. Reaction – A chemical reaction involving both oxidation and reduction.
  10. 21. – The spontaneous emission of radiation by an unstable atomic nucleus.
  11. 23. – The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
  12. 24. – An element that lacks metallic properties and is usually a poor conductor.
  13. 26. – The time required for half of a radioactive substance to decay.
  14. 27. – A substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction.
  15. 28. – A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed.
  16. 32. – A homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent.