Nuclear Chemistry

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Across
  1. 3. a synthetic element whose atomic number is greater than that of uranium (atomic number 92)
  2. 4. a device that measures the approximate amount of radiation received in a given period of time by people who work with radiation
  3. 5. a nuclide produced by the radioactive decay of another nuclide
  4. 7. a nuclide that contains isotopes that decay and that emit radiation
  5. 8. an instrument that detects and measures the intensity of radiation by counting the number of electric pulses that pass between the anode and the cathode in a tube filled with gas
  6. 10. the numbers (2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126) that represent the number of particles in an extra stable atomic nucleus that has completed shells of protons and neutrons
  7. 11. the process by which the approximate age of an object is determined based on the amount of certain radioactive nuclides present
  8. 13. the transformation of atoms of one element into atoms of another element as a result of a nuclear reaction, such as bombardment with neutrons
  9. 14. the disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus into one or more different nuclides, accompanied by the emission of radiation, the nuclear capture or ejection of electrons, or fission
  10. 18. a positively charged atom that is released in the disintegration of radioactive elements and that consists of two protons and two neutrons
  11. 20. a radiation-absorbing material that is used to decrease radiation leakage from nuclear reactors
  12. 22. the time required for half of a sample of a radioactive isotope to break down by radioactive decay to form a daughter isotope
  13. 24. a reaction that affects the nucleus of an atom
  14. 25. the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of the atoms protons, neutrons, and electrons
  15. 28. a unit of radiation dose of X rays or gamma rays that is equal to the amount of radiation that will produce 2.58 x 10-4 of ions per kilogram of air at atmospheric pressure
  16. 29. a reaction in which the material that starts the reaction is also one of the products and can start another reaction
  17. 33. a series of radioactive nuclides produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable nuclide is reached
  18. 34. an instrument that converts scintillating light into an electrical signal for detecting and measuring radiation
  19. 36. a change in the identity of a nucleus as a result of a change in the number of its protons
  20. 37. an atom that is identified by the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus
  21. 38. a radionuclide that yields a specific daughter nuclide as a later member of a radioactive series
  22. 39. the high-energy photon emitted by a nucleus during fission and radioactive decay
Down
  1. 1. a charged electron emitted through certain types of radioactive decay, such as beta decay
  2. 2. a radioactive material that is added to a substance so that its distribution can be detected later
  3. 6. waste that contains radioisotopes
  4. 9. a facility that uses heat from nuclear reactors to produce electrical energy
  5. 12. a neutron-absorbing rod that helps control a nuclear reaction by limiting the numbers of free neutrons
  6. 15. the splitting of the nucleus of a large atom into two or more fragments; releases additional neutrons and energy
  7. 16. the particles that are released from the nucleus during radioactive decay, such as neutrons, electrons, and photons
  8. 17. a particle that has the same mass and spin as an electron but that has a positive charge
  9. 19. a model that represents nucleons as existing in different energy levels, or shells, in the nucleus
  10. 21. the process in which an inner orbital electron is captured by the nucleus of an atom that contains the electron
  11. 23. the quantity of ionizing radiation that does as much damage to human tissue as 1 roentgen of high-voltage x rays does
  12. 26. the minimum mass of a fissionable isotope that provides the number of neutrons needed to sustain a chain reaction
  13. 27. the energy released when a nucleus is formed from nucleons
  14. 30. a device that uses controlled nuclear reactions to produce energy or nuclides
  15. 31. the combination of the nuclei of small atoms to form a larger nucleus, releases energy
  16. 32. a proton or neutron
  17. 35. a material that slows the velocity of neutrons so that they may be absorbed by the nuclei