NURSING THEORISTS

2. – Formulated the Self-Transcendence Theory; spiritual growth.
4. – Creator of Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory.
5. – Founder of Transcultural Nursing; culture-based care.
8. – Known for the 21 Nursing Problems Theory.
10. – Developed the Health Promotion Model; encourages healthy behaviors.
12. – Developed the Interpersonal Relations Theory (nurse–patient relationship).
14. – Pragmatist philosopher; influenced experiential learning in nursing education.
16. – Created the Theory of Goal Attainment; nurse–patient collaboration.
18. – Founder of modern nursing; focused on environment and sanitation.
19. – Created the Theory of Human Caring (transpersonal caring).
20. – Developed the Conservation Model; preserving energy and integrity.
21. – Co-developer of Modeling and Role-Modeling; understanding patient uniqueness.

1. – Greek philosopher; empiricism and logic influenced nursing science.
3. – Wrote “The Helping Art of Clinical Nursing”; emphasizes purpose in care.
6. – Proposed the Care, Cure, Core Theory (person as the core).
7. – Author of “From Novice to Expert”; nursing skill development.
9. – French philosopher known for mind–body dualism (“I think, therefore I am”).
10. – Greek idealist; emphasized harmony of body, mind, and soul.
11. – Known for the Science of Unitary Human Beings (energy fields).
13. – Proposed “Health as Expanding Consciousness.”
15. – Defined nursing as assisting to independence; “Need Theory.”
17. – Developed the Uncertainty in Illness Theory; coping with unpredictability.
22. – Creator of the Adaptation Model; focuses on human adaptive systems.