Nutrition Definitions

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Across
  1. 4. element, Natural elements of which the body needs more amount and are more important than any other minerals.
  2. 5. Energy (ME), The energy available to the animal from food after losses in feces, urine, and gases are subtracted.
  3. 9. Metabolic Rate (resting metabolic rate), the amount of energy a non-productive animal requires to live (does not gain or lose liveweight)
  4. 10. (kcal), A unit of energy. In nutrition, it refers to the amount of energy a food provides.
  5. 14. Fed Basis, Nutrient levels based on the food's natural state, including moisture.
  6. 18. Vitamins, B-complex and C – not stored, need regular replenishment.
  7. 21. interrelationships among mineral elements as revealed by physiological or biochemical consequences. There are two major classes of interactions, positive or synergistic, and negative or antagonistic.
  8. 22. Index, A measure of how quickly a food causes blood sugar to rise.
  9. 24. Metabolic Rate, energy expenditure for basic life processes (circulation, respiration, thermoregulation, urine production), tends to be predominantly used for Human
  10. 25. Fatty Acids (EFAs): Fats that animals cannot synthesize (e.g., linoleic acid for dogs and cats, arachidonic acid for cats).
  11. 28. Organic molecule (or a set of molecules closely related chemically, i.e. vitamers) that is an essential micronutrient which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism.
  12. 30. A substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life (e.g., proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, water).
  13. 32. Vitamins, Vitamins A, D, E, and K – stored in fat tissues.
  14. 33. Nutrients required in large amounts (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and water).
  15. 34. Rate, expenditure of energy per given time
  16. 35. Protein, An estimate of the total protein content in food, measured based on nitrogen content.
  17. 36. How acceptable or tasty a food is to the animal.
  18. 38. Energy: Energy available after subtracting losses from digestion and metabolism (used for maintenance, growth, reproduction, etc.).
  19. 41. Energy (GE), Total energy content of a food.
  20. 43. includes sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) which are cations; and two chlorine (Cl) and phosphorus (P) which are accompanying anions.
  21. 44. needed in smaller amounts (vitamins and minerals).
  22. 48. and Omega-6 Fatty Acids: Types of EFAs with anti-inflammatory (omega-3) and pro-inflammatory (omega-6) roles.
  23. 49. The percentage of a nutrient that is absorbed in the digestive tract and used by the body.
Down
  1. 1. A solid, naturally occurring inorganic substance.
  2. 2. element, minerals present in living tissues in small amounts
  3. 3. Rate includes energy required to hunt, graze, socially interact, reproduce (average metabolic rate of animal)
  4. 6. Energy Requirement (MER), The amount of energy required to maintain an animal in a non-reproductive, non-growing, non-working state.
  5. 7. Fiber, Fiber that adds bulk to stool and promotes bowel health.
  6. 8. Diet, A specially formulated diet intended for managing specific health conditions (e.g., renal disease, diabetes).
  7. 11. not obtaining correct amounts off each mineral, too much of one too little of another
  8. 12. Energy Requirement (RER), The amount of energy an animal needs to maintain basic body functions while at rest in a thermoneutral environment.
  9. 13. (kcal/day)=70×(Body weight in kg)0.75
  10. 15. Condition Score (BCS), A visual assessment of an animal's fat stores, typically scored on a 5 or 9-point scale.
  11. 16. Condition Score (MCS), An assessment of muscle mass, independent of fat stores.
  12. 17. eating disorder that involves eating items that are not typically thought of as food and do not contain significant nutritional value, such as hair, dirt, and paint chips
  13. 19. much
  14. 20. Nutrient. A nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the body in adequate amounts and must be obtained from the diet.
  15. 23. metabolic rate metabolic intensity = metabolic rate / kg body mass
  16. 26. Amino Acid: The essential amino acid in shortest supply in a diet relative to the animal’s needs.
  17. 27. Metabolic Rate ‘animal’ version of BMR generally higher than BMR as movement occurs
  18. 29. body doesn't obtain or absorb the required amount of a mineral
  19. 31. condition during which the concentration within the body of anybody of the minerals necessary for all times is abnormally high, and which has an adverse effect on health.
  20. 32. Trial, A method of assessing a food's effectiveness by feeding it as the sole source of nutrition over a period of time.
  21. 37. mutual inhibition of absorption from the intestinal tract
  22. 39. nutrient class of nutrients that are vital for maintaining the body's health
  23. 40. Value (BV), A measure of the proportion of absorbed protein that is retained in the body for growth or maintenance.
  24. 42. Matter Basis (DMB), Nutrient composition of food with moisture removed; used for comparing nutrient levels between wet and dry foods.
  25. 43. be at ‘rest’ (not moving), digestion of last meal completed, in thermoneutral environment
  26. 45. and Balanced Diet, A diet that provides all essential nutrients in the correct proportions and amounts for a specific life stage or condition.
  27. 46. essential, A nutrient in which an organism is capable of producing it in sufficient amount
  28. 47. Fiber, Fiber that dissolves in water and can help regulate blood sugar and lower cholesterol.