Observational Methods of Design

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Across
  1. 5. A technique used to estimate the load placed on a support system installed behind the tunnel face.
  2. 6. The simplest form of piezometer and sometimes called the Casagrande piezometer.
  3. 8. Name of the largest EPB TBM use in the Seattle Tunnel Project.
  4. 10. This component detects changes in the variable being monitored, such as ground deformations, groundwater pressures, or loads on support structures.
Down
  1. 1. ________ Information Systems
  2. 2. Uncertainty of Ground Conditions
  3. 3. ________ Information Modeling
  4. 4. A highly accurate instrument that measures the elongation of materials under stress, particularly during tensile tests
  5. 7. A support method to stabilize the tunnel perimeter with the help of sprayed concrete, anchors and other support and uses regular monitoring to control stability of the tunnel.
  6. 9. A method that uses the natural strength of the nearby geological formations to support the tunnel.