Olivia Boustani Psych Study Guide

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Across
  1. 1. the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
  2. 5. a nerve network that travels through the brainstem and thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal
  3. 7. a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress
  4. 9. an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain's surface; these waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp
  5. 11. a neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward
  6. 15. a technique for revealing bloodflow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans; fMRI scans show brain function as well as its structure
  7. 20. a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
  8. 23. the scientific study of the links between biological (genetic, neural, and hormonal) and psychological processes
  9. 25. the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
  10. 28. the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory
  11. 29. a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one sausage-like node to the next
  12. 33. the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart); its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms(ANS)
  13. 35. the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body (acronym)
  14. 36. neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
  15. 39. the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
  16. 41. the oldest part of central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions
  17. 42. a molecule that, by binding to a receptor site, stimulates a response
  18. 43. the endocrine system's most influential gland; under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
  19. 44. a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron
Down
  1. 2. the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
  2. 3. neural system (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives
  3. 4. a molecule that, by binding to a receptor site, inhibits or blocks a response
  4. 6. the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
  5. 8. a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response
  6. 10. a neuron's reaction of either firing or not firing
  7. 12. a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
  8. 13. chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons; when released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse
  9. 14. chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
  10. 16. neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
  11. 17. tissue destruction; a brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue
  12. 18. the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron; the tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or synaptic cleft
  13. 19. neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
  14. 21. the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands
  15. 22. the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
  16. 24. the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles (also called the skeletal nervous system)
  17. 26. a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
  18. 27. a series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice of the brain's structure (also called CAT scan)
  19. 29. a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft-tissue; MRI scans show brain anatomy
  20. 30. the brain and spinal cord(acronym)
  21. 31. a neuron's bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body (like a greek tree)
  22. 32. a period of inactivity after a neuron has fired
  23. 34. "morphine within"; natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
  24. 37. bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
  25. 38. two lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion
  26. 40. the brain's sensory control center, located on the top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla