Organic Synthesis

5. Reaction where two molecules join and a small molecule (e.g., water) is removed.
6. Type of reaction where the C=C bond breaks and atoms add across the double bond.
8. Reaction where alkenes react with bromine water, turning it colourless.
9. Thermal decomposition of large hydrocarbons into smaller alkanes and alkenes.
10. Biological process where sugars are converted to ethanol and CO₂ by yeast.
11. Product formed when bromine water reacts with an alkene.
14. Type of polymerisation that produces nylon or polyester.
15. Reaction in which hydrocarbons burn in oxygen to produce CO₂ and H₂O.
16. Reaction mechanism when ethene reacts with hydrogen (requires nickel catalyst).
19. Name for small molecules that join up in addition polymerisation.

1. Formation of polymers from monomers containing C=C double bonds (e.g., ethene → poly(ethene)).
2. Process breaking long hydrocarbons with heat and catalyst into alkane + alkene.
3. Reaction where methane + chlorine → chloromethane + HCl (UV light needed).
4. Addition of steam to an alkene to form an alcohol.
7. First step used to separate components of crude oil by boiling point.
12. Gas produced from complete combustion of hydrocarbons.
13. Reaction between an alcohol and carboxylic acid to form a fruity-smelling product.
17. Reaction converting alcohols into carboxylic acids.
18. Product formed when ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol.