Organisms & Their Environment

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Across
  1. 2. each stage of a food chain; the feeding position of an organism in a food chain
  2. 4. the various processes by which carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide, is removed from and released into the environment
  3. 8. at each level of the food chain, only around ___ percent of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next
  4. 10. the increase of certain chemicals like DDT (a non-biodegradable insecticide) along trophic levels, as DDT is passed along the food chain and increases in concentration
  5. 12. the study of the interactions between organisms with one another, and between organisms and their environment
  6. 14. the process which plants use to remove carbon dioxide from the environment
  7. 15. indiscriminate fishing
  8. 16. community and its non-living surroundings
  9. 17. the process which releases carbon dioxide from dead organic matter (carried out by bacteria and fungi)
  10. 21. the accumulation of certain chemicals like DDT (a non-biodegradable insecticide) in the bodies of organisms
  11. 22. the process which transfers energy from the producer to the primary consumer, from one trophic level to another
  12. 23. the protection and preservation of natural resources in the environment to maintain Earth’s biodiversity and prevent extinction of species on earth
  13. 24. the process which releases carbon dioxide from food substances
  14. 27. a series of organisms through which energy is transferred in the form of food
  15. 28. the process which releases carbon dioxide from fossil fuels
Down
  1. 1. a consequence of eutrophication that prevents sunlight from reaching the submerged plants
  2. 3. the largest carbon sink on Earth
  3. 5. organisms that break down the dead bodies of other organisms, faeces and excretory products; function to recycle nutrients and return them to the ecosystem to be reused again
  4. 6. the indiscriminate cutting down of forest trees
  5. 7. organisms in the 2nd trophic level onwards that are unable to make their own food, so they obtain energy by feeding on other organisms
  6. 9. pyramid of ______ is used to compare the mass of organisms present in each trophic level at a particular time (constructed using dry mass, which is the mass of the organism when all its water has been removed)
  7. 11. an area that stores carbon compounds for an indefinite period
  8. 13. pyramid of ______ is used to compare the number of organisms present in each trophic level at a particular time
  9. 18. organisms in the 1st trophic level that are able to carry out photosynthesis
  10. 19. a graphical representation of food and energy relationships, where primary producers are at the base, primary and secondary consumers are in the middle, and tertiary consumers are at the top
  11. 20. the ultimate source of energy in any ecosystem
  12. 25. the process where water receives excess nutrients like phosphates and nitrates which cause excessive growth of algae and floating water plants (as phosphates and nitrates are used in the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids)
  13. 26. the addition of substances to the environment that damages it, making it undesirable or unfit for life