Paddock Psych U1 Crossword

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Across
  1. 2. Participants must be given the right to leave the experiment at any time without penalty.
  2. 10. the tendency for people to say what they believe is appropriate or acceptable rather than the truth
  3. 11. modern psychological perspective that looks at how our thoughts and behaviors vary from people living in other cultures; emphasizes the influence of culture on the way we think and act
  4. 12. Measure of Central Tendency; the mathematical average
  5. 15. a bar graph depicting a frequency distribution; the height of the bars indicates the frequency of the group of scores
  6. 17. cues about the purpose of the study; participants use such cues to try to respond appropriately, skewing the validity of the experiment
  7. 18. every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as a participant in research
  8. 19. the act of holding information in confidence, not to be released to unauthorized individuals
  9. 22. statistical procedures used to describe characteristics and responses of groups of subjects
  10. 25. psychological perspective emphasizing mental health and mental illness; psychodynamic and humanistic psychology are variations of this
  11. 28. a measure of variability that indicates the average difference between the sources and their mean
  12. 30. Measure of Central Tendency; the result that occurs the most often
  13. 31. non-experimental method; a quasi-experimental method in which questions are asked to subjects; when being designed, the researcher has to be careful that the questions are not skewed or biased towards a particular answer
  14. 32. came up with a cognitive developmental theory, which focuses on how our cognitions develop in stages as we mature
  15. 33. the tendency for subjects to behave in certain ways; can alter validity of experiment
  16. 36. behaviorist who expanded the basic ideas of behaviorism to include the idea of reinforcement- environmental stimuli that either encourage or discourage certain responses
  17. 38. theory presented by William James; emphasizes adaptiveness of the mental or behavioral processes
  18. 39. studied with William James and went on to become president of the American Psychological Association
  19. 40. published The Principles of Psychology, the science's first textbook; responsible for theory of functionalism
  20. 43. research that can be replicated and is consistent
  21. 44. theory that states psychologists should look at only behavior and causes of behavior, and not concern themselves with describing elements of consciousness; dominant school of thought in psychology from the 1920s through the 1960s
  22. 45. modern psychological perspective that examines human thought and behavior in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember environmental events
  23. 46. a number between -1 and +1 expressing the degree of relationship between two variables
  24. 48. psychologist who believed the science must limit itself to observable phenomena; wanted to establish behaviorism as the dominant paradigm of psychology
  25. 51. When the results are not symmetrical (appears to favor positive or negative)
  26. 53. set up first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879; known for training subjects in introspection and for his theory of structuralism
  27. 54. idea proposed by Wundt that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations; aimed to uncover the basic structures that make up mind and thought
  28. 55. the process by which participants for research are selected
  29. 56. statistical techniques (based on probability theory) used to assess whether the results of a study are reliable or whether they might be simply the result of chance; often used to determine whether two or more groups are essentially the same or different
  30. 57. theory that states a part of our mind over which we do not have conscious control determines, in part, how we think and behave
  31. 58. when neither the participants nor the researcher are able to affect the outcome of the research
  32. 59. a study in which a group of the population is tested or surveyed at one specific time
  33. 60. modern psychological perspective that explains human thought and behavior strictly in terms of biological processes (e.g. genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters)
  34. 61. non-experimental method; a type of research that is mainly statistical in nature; determines the relationship between two variables; does not show causation
Down
  1. 1. people's tendency upon hearing about research findings to think that they knew it all along
  2. 3. an ethical principle that research participants must be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
  3. 4. research that measures what the researcher set out to measure; accurate
  4. 5. any difference between the experimental and control conditions, except for the independent variable, that might affect the dependent variable
  5. 6. non-experimental method; research in which subjects are observed in their natural environment
  6. 7. Psychology explores questions that are of interest to psychologists but are not intended to have immediate, real-world applications
  7. 8. a bell-shaped curve, describing the spread of a characteristic throughout a population
  8. 9. non-experimental method; a type of study in which one group of subjects is followed and observed (or examined, surveyed, etc.) for an extended period of time (years.)
  9. 13. Measure of Central Tendency; the result that is in the middle
  10. 14. the post-experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants
  11. 16. a summary chart, showing how frequently each of the various scores in a set of data occurs
  12. 20. individuals on which research is conducted
  13. 21. a sample obtained in such a way that it reflects the distribution of important variables in the larger population in which the researchers are interested; variables such as age, income level, ethnicity, and geographic distribution
  14. 23. modern psychological viewpoint that stresses individual choice and free will; suggests that we choose most of our behaviors and these choices are guided by physiological, emotional or spiritual needs; not easily tested by the scientific method; includes theorists Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
  15. 24. Modern psychological perspective that examines human thoughts and actions in terms of natural selection; similar to biopsychology
  16. 26. modern psychological perspective that explains human thought and behavior in terms of conditioning; looks strictly at observable behaviors and what reaction organisms get in response to specific behaviors
  17. 27. developing a hypothesis, performing a controlled test, gathering objective data, analyzing results, and publishing, criticizing, and replicating the results
  18. 29. modern psychological perspective emphasizing that change occurs across a lifespan; focus has shifted over recent years to teens and adults
  19. 34. the unconscious tendency for researchers to treat members of the experimental and control groups differently to increase the chance of confirming their hypothesis
  20. 35. the tendency to attend to evidence that complements and confirms our beliefs or expectations, while ignoring evidence that does not
  21. 37. a researcher's explanation how the variable of an experiment will be measured
  22. 41. the process by which participants are put into a group, experimental control
  23. 42. revolutionized psychology with his psychoanalytic theory; believed the unconscious mind must be examined through dream analysis, word association, and other psychoanalytic therapy techniques; criticized for being unscientific and creating unverifiable theories
  24. 46. In depth and long lasting study of one individual or a small group in order to gather a large amount of information about a situation that is not replicable
  25. 47. each participant has an equal chance of being placed into any group
  26. 49. first began in laboratory set up by Wilhelm Wundt; process of reporting on one's own conscious mental experiences
  27. 50. includes anyone or anything that could possibly be selected to be in the sample for research
  28. 52. mental processes, such as thinking, memory, sensation, and perception