Pandemics and Pestilence

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Across
  1. 2. pseudomallei** Dangerous soil bacterium normally found in tropics, suggested to be lurking in Georgia.
  2. 4. Death** Medieval pandemic that laid waste to western Eurasia, killing up to 60%.
  3. 6. dumping** Work done in low-income countries that would not be ethically approved elsewhere.
  4. 8. M2 ion channel inhibitor that inhibits viral uncoating, no longer recommended due to resistance.
  5. 9. Republic of Congo (DRC)** Identified as the epicenter of the current Mpox outbreak in Africa.
  6. 10. C** Strain of *Salmonella enterica* potentially causing the cocoliztli epidemic in Mexico.
  7. 13. mortality** Rate of internal infant mortality increased nearly 8% in counties following WNS outbreaks.
  8. 16. Flies whose flesh-eating larvae bore relentlessly into the living tissue of warm-blooded animals.
  9. 19. recurrentis** Spiral-shaped bacterium causing louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF), emerging about 5,000 years ago.
  10. 20. science** Foreign scientists fly in, conduct a study, and leave, excluding local researchers.
  11. 21. virus** Bat-borne virus remaining on WHO priority list because it is deadly and lacks therapies.
  12. 22. humanus** The body louse, the only known host of the *B. recurrentis* pathogen.
  13. 23. Scientist who decided to pass the long-term evolution experiment torch at age 65.
  14. 25. FDA-approved vaccine against chikungunya using a live, weakened version of the virus.
  15. 26. Bacteria causing shigellosis; caused one diarrheal outbreak linked to a Kansas splash pad.
  16. 27. marboxil** Clinically approved oral antiviral drug that blocks viral transcription by targeting PA protein.
  17. 28. coli** Bacteria whose genomes have not shrunk much after 75,000 generations.
  18. 31. Group of coronaviruses that includes SARS-CoV-2, added to WHO priority list.
  19. 32. atlases** Maps of organs or tumors describing the location and make-up of each cell.
  20. 33. Zoonotic disease, historically Monkeypox, endemic to Central and West Africa.
  21. 34. drift** Mutations in HA or NA proteins resulting in viral mutants that escape pre-existing immunity.
Down
  1. 1. Mosquito-borne viral disease causing fever, excruciating joint pain, and sometimes heart damage.
  2. 2. Disease caused by *B. pseudomallei*, often difficult to treat, causing systemic infection (sepsis).
  3. 3. networks** Proposed approach to study HPAI transmission complementing viral phylogenetic modeling.
  4. 4. Hunting technique bats use, emitting sounds to help locate insect prey.
  5. 5. nose syndrome (WNS)** Fungal disease killing millions of bats, invading skin and waking them during hibernation.
  6. 7. virus** Virus causing smallpox, eradicated in 1980 but still included on WHO priority list.
  7. 9. pestis** Plague-causing bacterium whose ancestral strains caused the medieval Black Death pandemic.
  8. 11. Largest epidemics in sixteenth-century Mexico that devastated the native population.
  9. 12. (Haemagglutinin)** Antigenic protein decorating the IAV viral envelope; includes seventeen known subtypes.
  10. 14. Insect Technique** Eradication method involving bombing infested areas with millions of sterile male flies.
  11. 15. Second most diverse group of mammals, known to carry viruses without known symptoms.
  12. 17. A(H5N1)** Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus that reached panzootic status globally.
  13. 18. A Virus (IAV)** Highly contagious respiratory disease agent with a wide host range, posing pandemic risk.
  14. 21. (Neuraminidase)** Antigenic protein decorating the IAV viral envelope; includes nine known subtypes.
  15. 24. Fourteenth-century cemetery in Kyrgyzstan where *Y. pestis* DNA was recovered from burials.
  16. 26. pads** Recreational water venues often unregulated, linked to diarrheal outbreaks if water is dirty.
  17. 29. textiles** Became common across Eurasia around 5,000 years ago, coinciding with LBRF emergence.
  18. 30. Specific variant of H5N1 flu genome that accounted for most 2024 cattle infections.