paper 1 revision OCR Computer Science

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Across
  1. 3. A section of the hard drive used as extra RAM when physical memory is full, preventing system crashes.
  2. 7. System software that manages hardware and software resources, providing a user interface for interaction.
  3. 13. A type of secondary storage that uses flash memory, offering faster data access speeds than traditional Hard Disk Drives (HDDs).
  4. 14. A type of volatile memory used for temporarily storing data and instructions while programs are running.
  5. 15. A small but fast memory storage that stores frequently accessed data to speed up processing.
  6. 16. Programs designed to maintain and optimize the performance of a computer, such as antivirus software and disk cleanup tools.
  7. 18. Non-volatile memory used for long-term storage, such as hard drives and SSDs.
Down
  1. 1. Small, high-speed storage areas within the CPU used to hold data and instructions temporarily.
  2. 2. The basic operational process of a CPU, where it fetches an instruction, decodes it, and then executes it.
  3. 4. A unique numerical identifier assigned to a device in a network, used for communication over the internet.
  4. 5. A computer design model where instructions and data are stored in the same memory space, allowing sequential execution.
  5. 6. A permanent hardware-based address assigned to network interface cards (NICs) for identifying devices within a network.
  6. 8. The part of the CPU that coordinates and manages instructions by directing operations within the system.
  7. 9. A specialized computer system built into other devices, such as microwaves and cars, to perform dedicated tasks.
  8. 10. A security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic to prevent unauthorized access.
  9. 11. – The layout or structure of a network, including common types like bus, star, and mesh topology.
  10. 12. The speed at which a CPU processes instructions, measured in Hertz (Hz). Higher clock speed means faster execution.
  11. 17. The process of encoding data to make it unreadable by unauthorized users, ensuring privacy and security.
  12. 19. Responsible for executing instructions and processing data.
  13. 20. A component of the CPU responsible for performing arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction) and logical decisions (AND, OR).