Path & Diseases Extra Credit

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Across
  1. 3. When tumors release cytokines and chemokines, this occurs which can release the risk for cancer. It does not appear to protect against tumors.
  2. 4. A type of tumor suppressor gene that can become inactivated by genetic changes and therefore increase the chance of cancer.
  3. 5. These are antigens that are shared by both normal tissue and tumors.
  4. 8. Invasive tumors that causes various degrees of anaplasia and rapid growth
  5. 10. Cancer infected patients show signs of weight loss, anorexia, and weakened state of body
  6. 12. Tumor cells are spread via direct contact from one infected individual to the other.
  7. 16. Cancers of normal mature tissue that are located an an abnormal site of the body
  8. 18. Nonneoplastic supporting structure that consists of proteins and glycoproteins that make up the extracellular matrix
  9. 21. Activated proto-oncogenes caused by overexpression or mutation which drives proliferation and therefore tumor cells.
  10. 23. This type of immunotherapy is when antibodies are introduced into a patient that efficiently identify and kill tumors
  11. 24. A type of tumor-stromal interaction that stimulates fibroblasts to increase the production of collagen
  12. 25. Mesenchymal tumors arise from cells of mesodermal origin and a malignant tumor is called
  13. 26. This stage of tumor invasion and metastasis involves the exiting of tumor cells from either blood or lymphatic vessel
Down
  1. 1. Factors from the outside environment that cause cancer by interacting with DNA such as radiation and chemicals
  2. 2. This type of DNA methylation causes gene activation and is very common in cancer cells.
  3. 6. Malignant tumors of this origin are called carcinomas and adenocarcinomas (glandular growth pattern)
  4. 7. Cells revert from a differentiated stage to a more primitive simple stage.
  5. 9. The immune system's defense against tumor cells. It identifies and kills foreign cells by targeting self-antigens on tumor cells.
  6. 11. The process of cancer cells spreading from their original state of origin to other parts of the body.
  7. 12. This stage of the TNM system determines the size of the primary tumor.
  8. 13. The addition of a methyl group to DNA that is essential for regulating gene expression in normal cells
  9. 14. These are normal cellular genes that regulate cell growth and differentiation.
  10. 15. This is determined by tumor type, grade, stage, and completion of excision
  11. 17. This stage of tumor invasion and metastasis involves detachment of tumor cells with penetration of the basement membrane and enters into the extracellular matrix
  12. 19. A type of DNA mutation that has an abnormal numbers of chromosomes
  13. 20. Tumor antigens do not cause an immune response due to the body already previously being exposed and "tolerized" and is called
  14. 22. Tumor cells need to do this from the primary tumor mass first to initiate metastasis.
  15. 23. This stage of neoplastic transformation consists of a benign tumor turning into a malignant one due to genetic and epigenetic changes