Patho I

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Across
  1. 3. Bones are covered, except at their articular ends, by a membrane called the ___________
  2. 4. __________ joints are freely movable joints
  3. 7. _________ bone is deposited more rapidly and is of low tensile strength, serving as temporary scaffolding for support
  4. 8. In joint injury, __________ infiltrate the injured area during the initial healing process and supply the fibroblasts with the materials they need to produce large amounts of collagen
  5. 10. __________ fracture, as occurs in the vertebral body, involves two bones that are crushed or squeezed together
  6. 11. At birth, nearly all of the marrow is red and _____________ active
  7. 13. A __________ is a stretching injury to a muscle or a musculotendinous unit caused by mechanical overloading
  8. 18. Circumferential __________ follow the entire inner and outer shaft of a long bone, appearing much like the growth rings of a tree
  9. 19. _________ fracture has more than two pieces
  10. 20. ________ is the restoration of a fractured bone to its normal anatomic position
  11. 22. _________ bone is a strong, mature form of bone that is formed slowly and is highly organized
  12. 23. _____________ has characteristics that are intermediate between dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage. It is found in the intervertebral disks, in areas where tendons are connected to bone, and in the symphysis pubis
  13. 25. _________ join muscles to the periosteum of the articulating bones ends of bones together
  14. 26. Venous Doppler ___________ is the accepted test for the diagnosis of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis
  15. 27. __________ canals contain blood vessels in the spaces in the cortical bone that run parallel through the long axis of the bone for a short distance
  16. 29. Intra-articular ________ are fibrocartilage structures that develop from portions of the articular disk that occupied the space between articular cartilage surfaces during fetal development
  17. 33. The _________ consist of concentric lamellae of bone matrix, surrounding a central canal
  18. 34. The long bones of the skeleton, which grow at a relatively rapid rate, are provided with a specialized structure called the _______ growth plate
  19. 35. The diagnosis of bone tumours includes radiologic staging and _______
  20. 36. ________ fracture, which is seen in children, is an example of a partial break in bone continuity and resembles that seen when a young sapling is broken
  21. 38. __________ may reduce the number and resorptive function of the osteoclasts
  22. 41. _________ fracture results from a twisting motion, or torque
  23. 42. The four most common types of benign bone tumours are osteoma, chondroma, osteochondroma, and _____ cell tumour
  24. 43. An example of external _______ devices are pins or screws, which are inserted directly into the bone above and below the fracture site
  25. 48. _________ formation occurs during the first 1 to 2 days after a bone fracture
  26. 49. the subdeltoid and subcoracoid are sometimes referred to as the _________ bursae, which often communicate and are affected by lesions of the rotator cuff
  27. 50. __________ are closed sacs that contain synovial fluid and prevent friction on a tendon.
  28. 53. A _________ involves the displacement or separation of the bone ends of a joint with loss of articulation
  29. 54. Arthroscopic ___________ may be performed when there is recurrent or persistent locking, recurrent effusion, or disabling pain due to an injury in the meniscus
  30. 55. __________ the study of joints
  31. 56. ____________ refill time, which is assessed by applying pressure to the fingernail and observing the rate of blood return is important to assess following application of a splint/cast
  32. 58. ___________ skeleton is composed of the bones of the skull, thorax, and vertebral column, forms the axis of the body
  33. 59. __________ is a percutaneous osteotomy that preserves the periosteal and endosteal tissues.
  34. 61. Puncture wounds from nails or rusted material provide the setting for growth of ___________ bacteria such as those that cause tetanus and gas gangrene
  35. 62. _______ bodies are small pieces of bone or cartilage within a joint space that can result from trauma to the joint
  36. 63. The free surfaces of most hyaline cartilage are covered by a layer of fibrous connective tissue called the _______
  37. 64. A typical long bone has a shaft, or _____________
  38. 65. _________ bone is found in the interior of bones and is composed of trabeculae
  39. 67. a small bony tumour found on the surface of a long bone, flat bone, or the skull
  40. 72. Intestinal absorption of vitamin D occurs mainly in the ________ and includes vitamin D2 and vitamin D3
  41. 73. __________ syndrome is a condition of increased pressure within a limited space that compromises the circulation and function of the tissues in the space
  42. 76. the ___________ joint that joins the sternum to the clavicle
  43. 77. ______________ skeleton consists of the bones of the upper and lower extremities, including the shoulder and hip
  44. 78. Fracture _______ are skin bullae that represent areas of epidermal necrosis with separation of epidermis from the underlying dermis by edema fluid
  45. 79. a lesion in which bone formation forms a sheath around the necrotic sequestrum
  46. 81. The two major forms of bone cancer in children and young adults are ________ and Ewing sarcoma
  47. 84. ___________ are joints in which bones are connected by hyaline cartilage and have limited motion
  48. 85. The inorganic matter consists of ___________, an insoluble macrocrystalline structure of calcium phosphate salts, and small amounts of calcium carbonate and calcium fluoride
  49. 86. A ________ involves the ligamentous structures (strong bands of connective tissue) surrounding the joint and usually is caused by abnormal or excessive movement of the joint
  50. 87. bone-building cells that synthesize and secrete the organic matrix of bone
  51. 89. ______________ cells contribute to the growth and remodelling of bone and are necessary for bone repair
  52. 90. extracellular fluid-filled passageways permeate the calcified matrix and connect with the lacunae of adjacent osteocytes
  53. 91. A __________ is a partial dislocation in which the bone ends in the joint are still in partial contact with each other
  54. 92. Cartilage cells are called __________
  55. 93. __________ the repair of a joint
  56. 94. __________ canals contain blood vessels, and are spaces in the cortex of bone that run perpendicular to the long axis of the cortex
  57. 95. __________ is a pulling force applied to an extremity or part of the body while a counterforce, or countertraction, pulls in the opposite direction
  58. 96. _______ represents soft tissue complications of musculoskeletal injuries that cause pain out of proportion to the injury, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction manifested by hyperhidrosis
Down
  1. 1. PTH and __________ stimulate 1,25-(OH)2D3 production by the kidney
  2. 2. A large area of local hemorrhage is called a _________
  3. 3. The __________ function reflexively to adjust the tension of the muscles that support the joint
  4. 4. In the skin, ultraviolet radiation from sunlight spontaneously converts 7-__________ D3 to vitamin D3
  5. 5. __________ is the final stage of bone healing and involves resorption of the excess bony callus
  6. 6. the _______ joint that connects the head of the humerus to the relatively shallow glenoid cavity in the scapula
  7. 8. A __________ is an injury to soft tissue that results from direct trauma, the skin overlying the injury remains intact
  8. 9. A fracture is called _______ when the fracture fragments are wedged together
  9. 11. __________ of the lumbar spine in such sports as track, wrestling, gymnastics, and diving, can tear the muscles, fascia, and ligaments
  10. 12. The shoulder is composed of three bones: the scapula, the clavicle, and the _________
  11. 14. ________ in the skeletal system are referred to as bone tumours
  12. 15. _________ refers to inflammation of the tendon
  13. 16. approximately 80% of the wet weight of cartilage is _______ held in its gel structure
  14. 17. fat _______ syndrome refers to manifestations resulting from the presence of fat droplets in the small blood vessels of the lung or other organs after a long bone fracture or other major trauma
  15. 18. The osteocytes lie in a small lake filled with extracellular fluid, called a ____________
  16. 21. __________ osteomyelitis originates with infectious organisms that reach the bone through the bloodstream
  17. 24. _________ refers to healing with deformity, angulation, or rotation that is visible on x-ray films
  18. 28. the _______________ joint that joins the clavicle to the acromion of the scapula
  19. 30. _________ is a softening of the articular cartilage, is seen most commonly on the undersurface of the patella
  20. 31. the two ends of a long bone are called ___________
  21. 32. ___________ bones are composed of a layer of cancellous bone between two layers of compact bone, found in areas such as the skull and rib cage
  22. 37. __________ fluid acts as a lubricant and facilitates the movement of the articulating surfaces of the joint
  23. 39. _________ bone infections are those inadvertently brought about by surgery or other treatments
  24. 40. tough bundles of collagenous fibres called __________ that attach to the joint capsule and bind the articular
  25. 41. Tendons that may rub against bone or other friction-generating surfaces are enclosed in double-layered _______
  26. 44. There are three objectives for treatment of fractures: reduction of the fracture, __________, and preservation and restoration of the function of the injured part.
  27. 45. an acute or chronic infection of the bone
  28. 46. A bunion is an inflamed bursa of the _____________ joint of the great toe.
  29. 47. a tumour composed of hyaline cartilage
  30. 51. _________ fractures are caused by simple angular forces
  31. 52. __________ are joints that lack a joint cavity and move little or not at all
  32. 57. ___________ is secreted by the parafollicular, or C, cells of the thyroid gland
  33. 60. ___________ is failure to produce union and cessation of the processes of bone repair
  34. 66. A ___________ is an injury in which the skin is torn or its continuity is disrupted
  35. 68. the term describing death of a segment of bone, caused by the interruption of blood supply to the marrow, medullary bone, or cortex
  36. 69. _____________ are nonmovable joints in which the surfaces of the bones are joined by dense connective tissue or bone
  37. 70. ____________ permit a certain amount of movement; they are separated by a fibrous disk and joined by interosseous ligaments
  38. 71. the part of the bone shaft that funnels out as it approaches the epiphysis is called the ____________
  39. 74. __________ hormone increases the number and resorptive function of the osteoclasts
  40. 75. __________ bone, which forms the outer shell of a bone, has a densely packed, calcified intercellular matrix
  41. 80. __________ inhibits 1,25-(OH)2D3 production by the kidney
  42. 82. When the bone fragments have broken through the skin, the fracture is called an open or _______ fracture
  43. 83. Bone cells responsible for the resorption of bone matrix and the release of calcium and phosphate from bone
  44. 88. according to the _______ law, bone responds to mechanical stress by becoming thicker and stronger in relation to its function.