Pathophysiology Midterm - Part 2

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Across
  1. 2. Common neurologic disorder and is usually a benign symptom.
  2. 4. Also known as phantosmia, detection of smells that are not actually present in the environment
  3. 6. Abbreviation, risk factors include high blood pressure, cigarette smoking, diabetes, high blood cholesterol levels, heavy drinking, high fat and salt diet low in fiber, lack of regular exercise, and obesity.
  4. 8. Abbreviation, signs include loss of consciousness, double vision, nausea or vomiting, severe headache (worst ever), trouble speaking, drooping eyelid, confusion and trouble concentrating, sensitivity to light.
  5. 12. This gait is a broad based gait in which the person walks with small steps and a decreased arm swing. The head and body are flexed and the arms semiflexed and abducted, whereas the legs are flexed and rigid in more advanced states.
  6. 13. This feedback system occurs when a changing chemical, neural, or endocrine response to a stimulus decreases the synthesis and secretion of a hormone. Occurs when increasing levels of thyroid hormones feedback on the pituitary and hypothalamus to inhibit TRH and TSH synthesis and decrease the synthesis and production of thyroid hormones.
  7. 14. Two words, life-threatening health condition that is associated with untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism. During this, an individual's heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature can soar to dangerously high levels. Without prompt, aggressive treatment, this is often fatal. Occurs due to a major stress such as trauma, heart attack, or infection in people with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism
  8. 15. Elevation of body temperature without an increase in the hypothalamic set point. Forms include heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and malignant hyperthermia.
  9. 17. Mild to moderate reduction in arousal with limited response to environment, falls asleep unless stimulated verbally or tactilely, answers questions with minimal response.
  10. 19. A reduced ability to smell and to detect odors.
  11. 20. Produces depression of the CNS and respiratory system, vasoconstriction, alterations in microcirculation and coagulation, and ischemic tissue damage. Can be accidental or therapeutic. In severe cases, ice crystals form on the inside of the cell, causing the cells to rupture and die.
  12. 23. Commonly manifests as pathologic laughter or crying.
  13. 25. coordinates functions that are fundamental to survival, including respiratory rhythm, motor activity, sleep, and wakefulness.
  14. 26. Limited spontaneous movement or speech, easy arousal with normal speech or touch, may or may not be oriented to time, place, person
  15. 28. Condition of deep sleep or unresponsiveness from which person may be aroused or caused to open eyes only by vigorous and repeated stimulation, response is often withdrawal or grabbing at stimulus.
  16. 29. This feedback system occurs when a neural, chemical, or endocrine response increases the synthesis and secretion of a hormone. Occurs when TRH is released from the hypothalamus in response to low thyroid hormone levels. TRH stimulates the secretion of TSH, which then stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the thyroid hormones.
  17. 31. Occurs when bacteria are growing in the blood and release large amounts of toxins causing clinical symptoms and signs. Fast heart rate, fever or hypothermia, shaking or chills, warm or clammy/sweaty skin, confusion or disorientation, hyperventilation, or shortness of breath, hypotension.
  18. 32. serves important functions in motor movement, particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.
  19. 34. Episodic neurologic disorder characterized by a headache lasting 4 to 72 hours. Diagnosed when two features occur: unilateral head pain, throbbing pain, pain worsens with activity, moderate or severe pain intensity; and at least on of these features: nausea and/or vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia.
  20. 35. Symptoms include unexpected weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat, sweating, and irritability, although the elderly often experience no symptoms
  21. 36. A disorder of learned skilled movements with difficulty planning and executing coordinated motor movements.
  22. 37. The total loss of sense of smell
  23. 39. Occurs when bacteria are present in the blood. Includes fever and chills, loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting, trouble breathing or fast breathing, fast heart rate, feeling faint, skin rashes or blotches, confusion, severe sleepiness, or loss of consciousness.
  24. 40. Signs include muscle weakness, numbness and tingling, Lhermitte’s sign, bladder and bowel problems, fatigue, dizziness and vertigo, sexual dysfunction, tremor, vision problems, spasticity and muscle spasms, gait and mobility changes, emotional changes and depression, learning and memory problems, and pain.
  25. 41. This posture is characterized by upper extremities flexed at the elbows and held blose to the body and by lower extremities that are externally rotated and extended. Thought to occur when the brainstem is not inhibited by the cerebral cortex motor area.
  26. 43. Responsible for a variety of functions including receiving and processing sensory information, thinking, perceiving, producing, and understanding language, and controlling motor function. The two major divisions are the diencephalon and the telencephalon.
  27. 45. Association with purposeful movement on stimulation
  28. 46. AKA febrile response: temporary resetting of the hypothalamic thermostat to a higher level in response to exogenous or endogenous pyrogens.
  29. 47. Can cause loss of movement, loss of or altered sensation, including the ability to feel heat, cold and touch, loss of bowel or bladder control, exaggerated reflex activities or spasms, changes in sexual function, sexual sensitivity and fertility, pain or an intense stinging sensation caused by damage to the nerve fibers in your spinal cord, difficulty breathing, coughing or clearing secretions from your lungs
Down
  1. 1. Associated with unresponsiveness or no response to any stimulus
  2. 3. Diminished sense of taste
  3. 5. This posture Refers to increased tone in extensor muscles and trunk muscles, with active tonic neck reflexes. When the head is in a neutral position, all four limbs are rigidly extended. Caused by severe injury to the brain and brainstem, resulting in overstimulation of the postural righting and vestibular reflexes.
  4. 7. Two words extreme thirst that cannot be quenched, excessive amounts of urine, colorless urine instead of pale yellow, waking frequently to urinate, dry skin, constipation, weak muscles, and bedwetting are signs of this. Occurs when the body can't regulate how it handles fluids. The condition is caused by a hormonal abnormality and isn't related to diabetes.
  5. 9. Beginning loss of consciousness, the person may exhibit restlessness, anxiety, and irritation. Disorientation to time occurs first, followed by disorientation to place and familiar other and impaired memory, recognition of self is lost last.
  6. 10. Type of headache. One of a group of disorders referred to as trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Occur in one side of the head, pain may alternate sides with each episode and is severe, stabbing, and throbbing. Up to 8 attacks per day, minutes to hours for a period of days, followed by spontaneous remission.
  7. 11. Result from defects that directly affect the development of both T and B lymphocytes. Severity depends on the degree to which B and T cells are affected. Includes ADA deficiency, X-linked SCID, Bare lymphocyte syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and DiGeorge syndrome.
  8. 14. One word, most common type of recurrent headache. Mild to moderate bilateral headache with a sensation of a tight band or pressure around the head with gradual onset of pain.
  9. 16. Total loss of sense of taste
  10. 18. Signs include high blood pressure, low level of potassium in the blood, feeling tired all the time, headache, muscle weakness, numbness.
  11. 21. Major body trauma can affect ________ regulation through various mechanisms. Damage to the CNS, inflammation, increased intracranial pressure, or intracranial bleeding. Often referred to as central fever and appears with or without bradycardia. Could also be impacted by accidental injuries, hemorrhagic shock, major surgery, and thermal burns.
  12. 22. Sense of smell is distorted
  13. 24. disease Treatment usually involves corticosteroid (steroid) replacement therapy for life. Corticosteroid medicine is used to replace the hormones cortisol and aldosterone that your body no longer produces. Symptoms tend to be non-specific and include fatigue, nausea, darkening of the skin, and dizziness upon standing.
  14. 27. Manifests as aprosody, the loss of emotional language.
  15. 28. Plural abbreviation. Have few detectable lymphocytes in the circulation and secondary lymphoid organs. Thymus is usually underdeveloped; immunoglobulin levels are absent or greatly reduced.
  16. 30. Associated with nonpurposeful movement only on stimulation
  17. 33. Sense of taste is distorted
  18. 38. Cord The three major functions of the ___________ are the conduction of motor information traveling down the spinal cord, the conduction of sensory information in the reverse direction, and acting as the center for conducting certain reflexes.
  19. 42. This gait is wide based with the feet apart and often turned outward or inward for greater stability. The pelvis is held stiff, and the individual staggers when walking. Cerebellar dysfunction with loss of coordination accounts for this particular gait.
  20. 44. Loss of ability to think rapidly or clearly, impaired judgement and decision making