Perio Part 4

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Across
  1. 1. The apical boundary or lower edge of the gingiva it can be distinguished easily from the gingiva by its dark red color and smooth shiny surface
  2. 6. Cooperative protective effects that different species of microbes can provide to one another in a biofilm.
  3. 8. Amount of time it takes microbes to form strongly attached microcolonies on a surface.
  4. 11. Fill in the Blank: Antimicrobial agents work best when used in conjunction with _________ cleaning that removes or disrupts the structural integrity of the dental plaque biofilm.
  5. 17. Surfaces that are colonized by polymicrobial biofilms composed of commensal bacteria in health.
  6. 18. A shallow linear depression that separates the free and attached gingiva
  7. 20. The composition of what group of microbes in the biofilm determines the further development of the biofilm.
  8. 22. A biological polymer composed of sugars and amino acids found in the cell wall of gram positive bacteria.
  9. 23. A tail like structure of a microorganism that enable them to swim in fluid.
  10. 26. A complex multilayered structure that serves to protect the microorganism from the unpredictable and inhospitable external environment.
  11. 27. Singular form of bacteria.
  12. 29. Amount of time a fully mature biofilm takes to recover after mechanical disruption.
  13. 31. Communication of microbes within a biofilm that results in the transfer of genes among them.
  14. 32. Living in harmony
  15. 33. Color of Gram negative bacteria after gram staining.
  16. 34. The process of identifying risk factors that increase an individual's probability of disease.
  17. 36. Changes in these body chemicals are known to affect gingival tissues.
  18. 37. Dye used to stain bacteria in the gram staining process.
  19. 38. CN V2 provides what type of innervation.
  20. 39. Stage II Periodontitis
  21. 40. Where does CN V2 exit from the skull through?
  22. 44. Certain ones of these are known to cause overgrowth of the gingival tissues.
  23. 46. When the biofilm conditions start to favor bacterial species that elicit a stronger host response.
  24. 47. Indigenous resident bacteria that are part of the normal flora in the mouth.
  25. 49. This will occur if biofilm is not frequently disrupted and is allowed to accumulate allowing pathogenic species to become dominant while others weaken.
  26. 50. Microbes in this state are often not affected by standard oral doses of antibiotics.
  27. 51. How long does it take after pellicle formation for free-floating bacteria to begin to attach to the outer surface of the pellicle?
  28. 52. Stage III Periodontitis
  29. 54. The primary means by which saliva and its bacterial contents are transmitted.
  30. 56. Bacterial communication in a biofilm where bacteria release signaling molecules to trigger events and talk with one another.
  31. 57. Helps to ensure the survivability of the biofilm in varying oral conditions.
  32. 59. An estimate of the future rate of progression of periodontitis.
  33. 60. This is known to affect both the general and periodontal health of patients as it can lead to hormonal changes poor nutrition and poor self care practices.
  34. 64. Formed by microbes attached to the tooth surface clustering together at a narrow base and leads to the formation of complex collections of different microbes linked to each other.
  35. 65. A clinically visible boundary where the pink attached gingiva meets the red shiny alveolar mucosa
  36. 67. Amount of time it takes for a biofilm to evolve into fully mature biofilm colonies that are extremely resistant to antibiotics.
  37. 70. Bacteria that has two membranes with a thin single layered cell wall of peptidoglycan sandwiched in between them.
  38. 73. A widely used diagnostic laboratory method that classifies bacteria into either one of two groups based on the structure of their cell envelope.
  39. 75. Bacteria that have a single thick multilayered meschlike cell wall that lies above the cytoplasmic membrane which faces the interior of the cell.
  40. 77. The human body is continuously working to maintain a state of balance in the internal environment of the body.
  41. 79. Plaque Hypothesis that postulated that specific pathogenic bacteria and their products in the biofilm led to periodontal disease.
  42. 80. Plaque Hypothesis that postulated that the accumulation of bacterial biofilms leads to periodontal disease.
  43. 83. The fibers that surround the root of the tooth and attach to the bone of the socket on one side and to the cementum of the root on the other side.
  44. 84. Amount of hours it takes for microbes to produce an initial extracellular protective matrix and become increasingly resistant to antiseptics and antibiotics.
  45. 85. Stage two of biofilm formation where the attachment of initial species becomes the saffolding to which other species may adhere.
  46. 86. Bacteria in this area appear to be able to invade dentinal tubules of cementum.
  47. 87. Normal Flora
  48. 88. Risk factors such as uncontrolled diabetes and genetic factors.
  49. 89. Bacteria that are attached to the tooth surface.
  50. 90. A thick slimy barrier of sugars and proteins secreted by microbes that protects them from external threats.
  51. 91. Biofilm communities characterized by the presence of several species of microorganisms.
Down
  1. 2. The most significant known risk factor for periodontitis.
  2. 3. Stage of Biofilm Formation where biofilm continues to grow through cell division and recruitment fluid channels are formed along with microcolonies.
  3. 4. Color of Gram positive bacteria when stained with crystal violet.
  4. 5. Develop in a biofilm to direct fluids in and around the biofilm bring nutrients and oxygen to the microbes and carrying waste products away.
  5. 7. The process by which genetically distinct bacteria become attached to one another.
  6. 9. Stage of Biofilm formation in which the EPS is formed and is considered the first step of biofilm maturation.
  7. 10. The tissue that covers the cervical portions of the teeth and the alveolar processes of the jaws
  8. 12. Protective feature of a biofilm where the EPS protects microbes by preventing large molecules and inflammatory cells from penetrating deeply into the biofilm matrix.
  9. 13. Periods when specific species or groups of species grow at rapidly accelerated rates.
  10. 14. Bateria that can withstand these forces will permanently attach to the tooth.
  11. 15. A type of microorganisms that dominate the tooth associated plaque biofilm and include S. mitis S. sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus.
  12. 16. A polymicrobial 3D community of numerous microbial species embedded in a protective matrix that consists of microbial metabolic products and/or host components such as salivary glycoproteins.
  13. 19. The bone that surrounds the roots of the teeth and forms the bony sockets that support and protect the roots of the teeth
  14. 21. The transfer of bacteria from the oral cavity of one person to another.
  15. 24. A protective substance surrounding bacteria whose composition varies basaed on the microbes in th biofilm but usually consists of proteins glycolipids and bacterial DNA.
  16. 25. Organized bacteria into complexes and assigned each complex a color .
  17. 28. Refers collectivly to the microscopic organisms including bacteria fungi protozoa and viruses.
  18. 30. Stage 5 of Biofilm development where microbes from the biofilm spread and colonize new surfaces.
  19. 35. A complex and dynamic microbial community containing a diverse array of many types of microbial species embedded within a self protective matrix that adheres to a surface.
  20. 41. The simplest organisms that can be seen only through a microscope.
  21. 42. Biologic equilibrium
  22. 43. Bacteria that adhere to the epithelium of the pocket wall.
  23. 45. The tissue of the free gingiva meets the tooth in a thin rounded edge
  24. 48. Amount of time it takes free-floating microbes to attach to a surface.
  25. 53. A mutually beneficial relationship between the host and commensal microorganisms.
  26. 55. Stage IV Periodontitis
  27. 58. Fill in the Blank: Biofilms can exist on any solid surface that is exposed to a microbe-containing ________.
  28. 61. A disease that may be passed from one person to another by direct contact.
  29. 62. How long after cleaning does it take for the acquired pellicle to form on the tooth surface?
  30. 63. The first step of biofilm formation where microbes attach to a surface.
  31. 66. Streptococcus species of bacteria that is considered an early colonizer and attaches to the tooth pellicle.
  32. 68. Microbial imbalance on or inside the body.
  33. 69. A film composed of a variety of salivary glycoproteins and antibodies that forms over the tooth surface to protect the enamel from acidic activity.
  34. 71. Conditions that vary within each microcolony very radically.
  35. 72. When specific portions of a larger microbial population hibernate making them unaffected by antibiotics.
  36. 74. Stage I periodontitis
  37. 76. Bacteria that use flagella to overcome hydrodynamic forces.
  38. 78. Hair-like structures present on the surfaces of some microbes that allow them to attach to surfaces.
  39. 81. A thin layer of hard mineralized connective tissue that covers the surface of the root.
  40. 82. Free-floating forms of microbes.