Period 2 AP WH

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Across
  1. 3. Businesses where investors share ownership and profits, used to fund overseas trade.
  2. 5. 1739 slave uprising in South Carolina, one of the largest in colonial British America.
  3. 6. 1680 uprising by Native Americans in the Southwest against Spanish colonizers and forced religion.
  4. 7. Japanese government that united the country, isolated it from outsiders, and controlled the samurai.
  5. 10. (Manchu) Foreign dynasty that ruled China from 1644 to 1912 and kept many Chinese traditions.
  6. 12. Spanish system where colonists were given land and forced Indigenous labor in exchange for "protecting" them.
  7. 13. Inventor of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century, helping to spread the ideas of the Reformation.
  8. 14. System where governments hired people to collect taxes, often leading to corruption and overtaxing.
  9. 16. Empire Muslim empire that ruled most of India and built the Taj Mahal.
  10. 19. Brutal journey across the Atlantic that enslaved Africans endured on their way to the Americas.
  11. 20. German monk who sparked the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses, challenging the Catholic Church’s practices.
  12. 22. African state that grew wealthy and powerful by trading gold and enslaved people.
  13. 24. The global transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds.
  14. 26. Religious movements in the 16th century that divided Christianity into Catholic and Protestant branches and led to reforms within the Catholic Church.
  15. 27. Religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola, part of the Catholic Counter-Reformation, focused on education and missionary work.
  16. 28. Deadly disease brought by Europeans that devastated Indigenous populations in the Americas.
  17. 30. African queen who resisted Portuguese colonization and slave raids in Angola during the 1600s.
  18. 33. Powerful trading company that helped Britain dominate trade and rule in India.
  19. 35. (Russia) System where peasants were tied to land and forced to work for landlords, especially in Eastern Europe.
  20. 36. (Silver) Economic problem caused by too much silver entering Europe from the Americas, raising prices
  21. 38. Conflict between English colonists and Native Americans in New England (1675–1676), led by Metacom.
  22. 40. African food crop brought to the Americas by enslaved people and now common in Southern cooking.
  23. 41. Large, impressive buildings used by rulers to show their wealth and power.
  24. 43. Instrument that helped sailors find their latitude by measuring stars.
  25. 44. Italian explorer who sailed for Spain and landed in the Americas in 1492.
  26. 45. Period of new scientific ideas in the 16th and 17th centuries that changed the way people viewed the world and the universe.
  27. 47. Settlements formed by escaped enslaved Africans in the Americas who resisted colonial rule.
  28. 48. Forced movement of millions of Africans to the Americas for labor on plantations.
Down
  1. 1. Church-led investigations aimed at suppressing heresy, especially during the Catholic Counter-Reformation.
  2. 2. Racial hierarchy in Spanish colonies that ranked people based on ancestry and skin color.
  3. 4. Portuguese royal who sponsored exploration along Africa’s coast in the 1400s.
  4. 8. Sculptor and painter, known for his work on the Sistine Chapel and the statue of David.
  5. 9. European belief that monarchs got their power directly from God and should not be challenged.
  6. 11. Economic system where colonies exist to benefit the mother country by exporting raw materials and importing finished goods.
  7. 14. Series of civil wars in France where nobles and commoners rebelled against royal power in the 1600s.
  8. 15. Long-lasting Muslim empire that conquered Constantinople and ruled parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa.
  9. 17. Invention that revolutionized the spread of information in the 15th century, leading to increased literacy and the spread of ideas.
  10. 18. Navigational tool using Earth’s magnetic field to show direction at sea.
  11. 21. Warrior class in feudal Japan who followed a strict code of honor and served the shogun.
  12. 23. Fortified coastal outposts set up to control long distance trade.
  13. 25. Mixed-race groups created by blending European, Indigenous, and African ancestries in the Americas.
  14. 29. Labor system in colonial South America where Indigenous people were forced to work in mines.
  15. 31. Explosive material that transformed warfare and helped empires like the Ottomans expand.
  16. 32. Trade route connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas, exchanging goods, slaves, and raw materials.
  17. 34. (Sugarcane) Crops like sugar grown on plantations for sale rather than for local use.
  18. 37. Renowned Renaissance artist, inventor, and thinker, famous for works like the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper."
  19. 39. English scientist who formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, key figures in the Scientific Revolution.
  20. 42. Ottoman system of taking Christian boys to train as elite soldiers or government officials.
  21. 45. Empire Shia Muslim empire based in Persia, known for art and conflict with Sunni neighbors.
  22. 46. Fast ships used by Portuguese and Dutch for long-distance ocean trade and travel.