Periodic Table

1. – Vertical column in the periodic table; elements have similar properties.
4. (outer) electrons – Electrons in the outer shell; control bonding and reactivity.
7. – A soluble base; Group 1 metals form alkaline solutions (metal hydroxides) with water.
9. displacement – Method to find volume of an irregular solid by how much water rises.
11. formula – ρ = m / V (rho equals mass divided by volume).
12. – How much matter is in an object. Measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).
13. – How ‘heavy for its size’ a substance is. Formula: density = mass ÷ volume.
14. – How much space an object takes up. Measured in cm³ or mL (liquids).

2. – How easily a substance reacts. In Group 1 & 2 it increases going down.
3. – Horizontal row in the periodic table; number of electron shells increases across.
5. earth metals (Group 2) – Reactive metals (e.g., Mg, Ca) with 2 outer electrons.
6. metals (Group 1) – Very reactive soft metals (e.g., Li, Na, K) with 1 outer electron.
8. units – Commonly g/cm³ or kg/m³.
10. – A pattern that changes in a regular way (e.g., reactivity down a group).
12. – The curved surface of a liquid; read volume at the bottom of the curve.