Pharmacogenomic terminology

1. An individual’s collection of genes
3. A collection of genetic variants, such as SNPs, that always travel together (are inherited together) on the same individual allele
7. HIV drug for which all patients undergo a genetic test prior to administration
8. Part of the genome formed by DNA sequences that encode genes
9. A study to assess common genetic variations across the entire genome of a large population of individuals in order to study whether any of the investigated variations is associated with a phenotype of interest
11. A variant that has two or more alleles and is present at a frequency of at least 1% of the population
13. The biochemical and physiological effects of drugs, particularly those that define the drugs mechanism of action on the body
14. Two normally functioning alleles and therefore have normal enzyme activity
15. Can cause respiratory depression in some babies
16. Variants in this gene can cause severe reactions in response to carbamazepine and abcavir
17. Maximum beneficial or therapeutic response that a drug can produce
19. A single nucleotide locus with two or more naturally occurring alleles defined by a single base pair substitution
20. The basic physical unit of inheritance
21. A precursor (forerunner) of a drug needs to undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming an active pharmacological agent

2. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of bioactive drugs following their administration
4. Two non-functional alleles and therefore have little to no enzyme activity
5. A gene predicted to be associated with a particular trait e.g disease, adverse reaction to a drug
6. A group of enzymes involved in drug metabolism and found in high levels in the liver
10. Well know anticoagulant that causes severe side affects in certain individuals
12. When two different alleles are present on the chromosome pair
18. An unintended, harmful reaction to medicines