photosynthesis

2. An alternative pathway in Photosystem I that produces additional ATP but no NADPH.
3. Primary green pigment that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
4. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the five‑carbon sugar to which CO₂ is attached during carbon fixation.
6. Reaction center chlorophyll in Photosystem II, optimally absorbing light at 680 nm.
12. Flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast; site of the light-dependent reactions.
14. (2 words) Light-independent set of reactions in the stroma that fix CO₂ into carbohydrates using ATP and NADPH.
16. Process that occurs when Rubisco binds O₂ instead of CO₂, leading to reduced efficiency of photosynthesis.
17. Fluid-filled space in the chloroplast, surrounding the thylakoids; site of the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).

1. The production of ATP using light energy, occurring in the thylakoid membranes.
2. Organelle in plants and algae where photosynthesis takes place.
5. Reaction center chlorophyll in Photosystem I, optimally absorbing light at 700 nm.
7. (pl) Accessory pigments that absorb additional wavelengths of light and protect chlorophyll from damage.
8. A stack of thylakoids within the chloroplast.
9. A complex of pigments and proteins in the thylakoid membrane that captures light energy; includes Photosystem I and Photosystem II.
10. Electron carrier molecule generated during the light-dependent reactions; used in the Calvin cycle to help form sugars.
11. (2 words) Enzyme that produces ATP as protons flow back into the stroma through the thylakoid membrane.
13. Enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) that catalyzes the fixation of CO₂ in the Calvin cycle.
15. The primary route of electron flow during the light-dependent reactions, producing both ATP and NADPH.