PHOTOSYNTHESIS

4. The leaf (or part of a leaf) that is used for comparison. It is not exposed to the experimental variable, to show what happens under normal conditions.
5. A chemical solution (iodine reagent) used to test for the presence of starch. It turns from yellow-brown to blue-black if starch is present.
7. The process of removing starch from a plant's leaves, usually by placing it in darkness for 24-48 hours, before starting a photosynthesis experiment.
9. The process by which green plants use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen.
11. Refers to the palisade mesophyll layer. The main layer of cells in a leaf, packed with chloroplasts, where most photosynthesis occurs.
12. Refers to carbon dioxide (CO₂), a gas taken in from the air through stomata. It is a key raw material for photosynthesis.
13. A leaf that has areas of different colors (e.g., green and white). Used in experiments to show chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis/starch production.
15. The energy source for photosynthesis. It is absorbed by chlorophyll.

1. A simple sugar that is the first direct product of photosynthesis. It is often converted into starch for storage.
2. The green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy, making photosynthesis possible.
3. A complex carbohydrate that is the main storage form of energy in plants. It is produced during photosynthesis.
6. Tiny pores (singular: stoma) on the surface of a leaf, primarily on the underside, that allow gases (CO₂ and O₂) and water vapor to move in and out.
8. The outer layer of cells covering the leaf. It is transparent to allow light to pass through to the palisade layer.
10. The leaf (or part of a leaf) that is exposed to the experimental condition (e.g., light, CO₂) to see if it produces starch.
14. Refers to guard cells. The two specialized cells that surround each stoma, controlling its opening and closing.