Photosynthesis Vocab

2. in plants the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast
4. reactions the initial reactions in photosynthesis which are triggered by the absorption of light by photosystems I and II and include the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains the production of NADPH and oxygen gas and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis
5. an organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms
6. a class of pigments that are present mostly in plants and that aid in photosynthesis
8. an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
10. a green pigment that is present in most plant and algae cells and some bacteria that gives plants their characteristic green color and that absorbs light to provide energy for photosynthesis
12. in chloroplasts and mitochondria a process in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP
13. a substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color
14. in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts a cluster of chlorophyll and other pigment molecules that harvest light energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis
16. fixation, the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide such as in photosynthesis
17. a stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast

1. the process by which plants algae and some bacteria use sunlight carbon dioxide and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen
2. one of many openings in a leaf or a stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur (plural stomata)
3. an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials
6. pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate by the enzyme PEP carboxylase producing the four-carbon compound within mesophyll cells that is later transported to the bundle sheath cells where the CO2 is to be released for use in the Calvin cycle.
7. a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis
8. cycle a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP
9. transport chain, a series of molecules found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane
11. pathway a water-conserving, carbon-fixing process; CAM plants take in carbon at night and fix it into various organic compounds and release it during the day
15. electron acceptor, in chloroplasts an acceptor of electrons lost from chlorophyll a; found in the thylakoid membrane