Phylogenetics

5. The taxa in a tree that is least closely related to the others or "sister" to all others
6. Where a single branch splits in two, representing a common ancestor
8. Shared derived traits
9. A shared ancestral state
11. A Character __________: a table that lists character states for the taxa we want to group in a tree
14. This type of clade includes an ancestor and some,but not all of its descendants
15. This state is the most recently evolved state of the character

1. This type of clade includes a common ancestor and all its descendants
2. A derived character unique to one taxa and thus not useful in grouping taxa
3. When similar characteristics arise due to convergent evolution rather than a common ancestor
4. This state is the initial state of the character when it evolved
7. This type of clade includes several descendants, but does not include the most recent common ancestor
10. An unresolved evolutionary relationship resulting in more than two branches extending from the same node
12. Minimizing the number of character state changes when creating a tree
13. Evolutionary __________: when a character returns to the ancestral state